{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:05:28Z","timestamp":1759104328918,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["PI11\/02014","PI14\/01693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI11\/02014","PI14\/01693"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Sanidad, Pol\u00edtica Social e Igualdad","award":["EC11\u2013520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC11\u2013520"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Progreso y Salud","award":["PI-0081\u20132011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0081\u20132011"]}]},{"name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Innovaci\u00f3n, Ciencia y Empleo","award":["CTS2593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS2593"]}]},{"name":"Fondos Europeos para el Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)"},{"name":"Spanish AIDS Research Network of Excellence","award":["RD12\/0017\/0029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0017\/0029"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["CP07\/00240","CPII13\/00037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP07\/00240","CPII13\/00037"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud y Bienestar Social of Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["C-0010\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C-0010\/13"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Healt Ministry","award":["RD06\/0006\/0035","RD12\/0017\/0037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD06\/0006\/0035","RD12\/0017\/0037"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD12\/0017\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0017\/0018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]],"date-time":"2017-03-24T03:49:25Z","timestamp":1490327365000},"page":"76-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Higher levels of IL-6, CD4 turnover and Treg frequency are already present before cART in HIV-infected subjects with later low CD4 recovery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Isaac","family":"Rosado-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Jarr\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda M.","family":"Pozo-Balado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebeca S.","family":"de Pablo-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Herrero-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Alvarez-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Genebat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8541-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Berenguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e0","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yolanda M.","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903175","article-title":"Interleukin-2 therapy in patients with HIV infection","volume":"361","author":"Abrams","year":"2009","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.4.1627","article-title":"Increased apoptosis of T cell subsets in aging humans: altered expression of Fas (CD95), Fas ligand, Bcl-2, and Bax","volume":"160","author":"Aggarwal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838667","article-title":"High frequency and proliferation of CD4+ FOXP3+ Treg in HIV-1-infected patients with low CD4 counts","volume":"39","author":"Bi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1157\/13096749","article-title":"Cohorte RIS de pacientes con infecci\u00f3n por VIH sin tratamiento antirretroviral previo (CoRIS): metodolog\u00eda y primeros resultados","volume":"25","author":"Caro-Murillo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-409755","article-title":"The split personality of regulatory T cells in HIV infection","volume":"121","author":"Chevalier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350200700304","article-title":"Baseline thymic volume is a predictor for CD4 T cell repopulation in adult HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"7","author":"de la Rosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu038","article-title":"Long-term mortality in HIV-positive individuals virally suppressed for >3 years with incomplete CD4 recovery","volume":"58","author":"Engsig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.11.007","article-title":"A\u00a0reliable and simplified sj\/\u03b2-TREC ratio quantification method for human thymic output measurement","volume":"352","author":"Ferrando-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/670957","article-title":"Incomplete immune recovery in HIV infection: mechanisms, relevance for clinical care, and possible solutions","volume":"2012","author":"Gaardbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-27","article-title":"The Spanish HIV BioBank: a model of cooperative HIV research","volume":"6","author":"Garcia-Merino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181fbab9f","article-title":"Identification of PD-1 as a unique marker for failing immune reconstitution in HIV-1\u2013infected patients on treatment","volume":"56","author":"Grabmeier-Pfistershammer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.12.002","article-title":"Immune reconstitution after a decade of combined antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"32","author":"Guihot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057336","article-title":"Poor immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients associates with high percentage of regulatory CD4+ T cells","volume":"8","author":"Horta","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000805","article-title":"Does rapid HIV disease progression prior to combination antiretroviral therapy hinder optimal CD4+ T-cell recovery once HIV-1 suppression is achieved?","volume":"29","author":"Jarrin","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181ec28ff","article-title":"A\u00a0CD4+ cell count <200 cells per cubic millimeter at 2 years after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased mortality in HIV-infected individuals with viral suppression","volume":"55","author":"Loutfy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000242819.72839.db","article-title":"Comparative analysis of T-cell turnover and homeostatic parameters in HIV-infected patients with discordant immune-virological responses to HAART","volume":"20","author":"Marchetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2013.842897","article-title":"Immunodiscordant responses to HAART\u2013mechanisms and consequences","volume":"9","author":"Massanella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0601-2","article-title":"Increased ex\u00a0vivo cell death of central memory CD4 T cells in treated HIV infected individuals with unsatisfactory immune recovery","volume":"13","author":"Massanella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr594","article-title":"Differential alterations of the CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy with low CD4 T cell restoration","volume":"67","author":"M\u00e9ndez-Lagares","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis230","article-title":"Severe immune dysregulation affects CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ regulatory T cells in HIV-infected patients with low-level CD4 T-cell repopulation despite suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"205","author":"M\u00e9ndez-Lagares","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000219778.12551.c0","article-title":"Thymic volume predicts CD4 T-cell decline in HIV-infected adults under prolonged treatment interruption","volume":"42","author":"Molina-Pinelo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp248","article-title":"Premature immunosenescence in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy with low-level CD4 T cell repopulation","volume":"64","author":"Molina-Pinelo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000238415.98194.38","article-title":"Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in antiretroviral-naive HIV patients","volume":"20","author":"Montes","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.104166","article-title":"Increased mitochondrial apoptotic priming of human regulatory T cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"99","author":"Murase","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.2174\/157016209789973673","article-title":"Risk factors, CD4 long-term evolution and mortality of HIV-infected patients who persistently maintain low CD4 counts, despite virological response to HAART","volume":"7","author":"Pacheco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.03.002","article-title":"Increased risk of non-AIDS-related events in HIV subjects with persistent low CD4 counts despite cART in the CoRIS cohort","volume":"117","author":"Pacheco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib28","first-page":"103","article-title":"Low-level CD4 restoration, a particular discordant response to antiretrovial therapy: clinical relevance and immunovirological characteristics","volume":"18","author":"Pacheco","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Cyber J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02474.x","article-title":"Thymic volume is associated independently with the magnitude of short- and long-term repopulation of CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected adults after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)","volume":"136","author":"Ruiz-Mateos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12278","article-title":"Association between discordant immunological response to highly active anti-retroviral therapy, regulatory T cell percentage, immune cell activation and very low-level viraemia in HIV-infected patients","volume":"176","author":"Saison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu125","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines drive CD4+ T-cell cycling and impaired responsiveness to interleukin 7: implications for immune failure in HIV disease","volume":"210","author":"Shive","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000022","article-title":"Immunologic nonresponder and T-regulatory cells in HIV-1 infection","volume":"27","author":"Wood","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166354217300529?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166354217300529?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T12:26:39Z","timestamp":1759062399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166354217300529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0166354217300529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-3542"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0166-3542"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Higher levels of IL-6, CD4 turnover and Treg frequency are already present before cART in HIV-infected subjects with later low CD4 recovery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Antiviral Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}