{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T13:49:19Z","timestamp":1793886559610,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T01:27:30Z","timestamp":1556587650000},"page":"518-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Alcohol-related liver disease: Clinical practice guidelines by the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver (ALEH)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Juan P.","family":"Arab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"Roblero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Altamirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Bessone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Chaves Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Higuera-De la Tijera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Urzua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Simonetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan G.","family":"Abraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahum","family":"M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lucey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Cortez-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Bataller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.06.018","article-title":"Heavy daily alcohol intake at the population level predicts the weight of alcohol in cirrhosis burden worldwide","volume":"65","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0835","first-page":"229","article-title":"[Infections in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis]","volume":"69","author":"Mathurin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32122-2","article-title":"Etiology of liver cirrhosis in Mexico","volume":"3","author":"M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0845","first-page":"238","article-title":"[Clinical and epidemiological profile of cirrhosis in the liver unit at Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital]","volume":"27","author":"Bust\u00edos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Peru"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0850","series-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571297","article-title":"Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Alcoholic Hepatitis","volume":"36","author":"Singal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.04.004","article-title":"EASL clinical practical guidelines: management of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"57","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23258","article-title":"Practice Guideline Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver D Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of G. Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"51","author":"O'Shea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.469","article-title":"ACG Clinical Guideline: Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"113","author":"Singal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39493.646875.AE","article-title":"Going from evidence to recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.002","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets","volume":"141","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16477","article-title":"Pathophysiology and Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease: Update 2016","volume":"11","author":"Stickel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.03.006","article-title":"Trends in the management and burden of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"62","author":"Mathurin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.04.020","article-title":"Short-term and long-term causes of death in patients with alcoholic hepatitis in Denmark","volume":"12","author":"Orntoft","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0900","first-page":"287","article-title":"[Alcoholic hepatitis: epidemiologic nature and severity of the clinical course in Argentina]","volume":"17","author":"Jmelnitzky","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.141","article-title":"The amount of alcohol consumption negatively impacts short-term mortality in Mexican patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"106","author":"Altamirano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05673.x","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease: evidence of a threshold level of effects of ethanol","volume":"17","author":"Savolainen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0915","unstructured":"DHHS, DoA. 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In: 8th ed. http:\/\/health.gov\/dietaryguidelines\/2015\/guidelines\/2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000164544.45746.A7","article-title":"Quantifying the risks associated with exceeding recommended drinking limits","volume":"29","author":"Dawson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.005","article-title":"Alcohol drinking pattern and risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"62","author":"Askgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.6.618","article-title":"Wine consumption is not associated with a decreased risk of alcoholic cirrhosis in heavy drinkers","volume":"37","author":"Pelletier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02371.x","article-title":"Sex difference in alcohol-related organ injury","volume":"25","author":"Sato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001113220205","article-title":"High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism","volume":"322","author":"Frezza","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/47.2.235","article-title":"Overweight as a risk factor or a predictive sign of histological liver damage in alcoholics","volume":"47","author":"Iturriaga","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1240","article-title":"Effect of body mass index and alcohol consumption on liver disease: analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies","volume":"340","author":"Hart","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2633","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2633","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.03.024","article-title":"Modest alcohol consumption is associated with decreased prevalence of steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"57","author":"Dunn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2016.1239759","article-title":"Low to moderate lifetime alcohol consumption is associated with less advanced stages of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"52","author":"Hagstrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0970","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.002","article-title":"How Safe Is Moderate Alcohol Consumption in Overweight and Obese Individuals?","volume":"150","author":"Sookoian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01560.x","article-title":"Relationship of protein calorie malnutrition to alcoholic liver disease: a reexamination of data from two Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies","volume":"19","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i15.2651","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection and alcohol consumption","volume":"23","author":"Iida-Ueno","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i4.1411","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"22","author":"Novo-Veleiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13523","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: coffee consumption and the risk of cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Kennedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04890.x","article-title":"Evidence of genetic predisposition to alcoholic cirrhosis and psychosis: twin concordances for alcoholism and its biological end points by zygosity among male veterans","volume":"5","author":"Hrubec","year":"1981","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01695.x","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to organ-specific endpoints of alcoholism","volume":"20","author":"Reed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12693","article-title":"Brief report: genetics of alcoholic cirrhosis-GenomALC multinational study","volume":"39","author":"Whitfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01075.x","article-title":"Polymorphisms of alcohol metabolizing enzymes in indigenous Mexican population: unusual high frequency of CYP2E1*c2 allele","volume":"34","author":"Gordillo-Bastidas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7972","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i44.7972","article-title":"Alcoholism and liver disease in Mexico: genetic and environmental factors","volume":"19","author":"Roman","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.04.027","article-title":"Chronic liver disease in the Hispanic population of the United States","volume":"9","author":"Carrion","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12660","article-title":"Ethnic differences in presentation and severity of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"39","author":"Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-015-0255-3","article-title":"Influence of ethnicity on the distribution of genetic polymorphisms associated with risk of chronic liver disease in South American populations","volume":"16","author":"Pontoriero","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.5282","article-title":"The Expression of PNPLA3 Polymorphism could be the Key for Severe Liver Disease in NAFLD in Hispanic Population","volume":"16","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-014-3341-0","article-title":"PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism is associated with elevated alanine transaminase levels in Mexican Indigenous and Mestizo populations","volume":"41","author":"Larrieta-Carrasco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24017","article-title":"Genetic variation in the PNPLA3 gene is associated with alcoholic liver injury in caucasians","volume":"53","author":"Stickel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.028","article-title":"Common polymorphism in the PNPLA3\/adiponutrin gene confers higher risk of cirrhosis and liver damage in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"55","author":"Trepo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12890","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: the I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) is significantly associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis","volume":"40","author":"Chamorro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","article-title":"Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Romeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.137","article-title":"PNPLA3 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Predisposition to and Severity of Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"110","author":"Salameh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3417","article-title":"A genome-wide association study confirms PNPLA3 and identifies TM6SF2 and MBOAT7 as risk loci for alcohol-related cirrhosis","volume":"47","author":"Buch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P067454","article-title":"Combined effects of the PNPLA3 rs738409 TM6SF2 rs58542926, and MBOAT7 rs641738 variants on NAFLD severity: a multicenter biopsy-based study","volume":"58","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2015.09.009","article-title":"PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 variants increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"Falleti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1090","article-title":"Genetic variants in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 predispose to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals with alcohol-related cirrhosis","author":"Stickel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712191","article-title":"A Protein-Truncating HSD17B13 Variant and Protection from Chronic Liver Disease","volume":"378","author":"Abul-Husn","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1105","first-page":"442","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and burden of disease in the Americas in 2012: implications for alcohol policy","volume":"38","author":"Shield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0145-y","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"12","author":"Mokdad","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31619-9","article-title":"Liver diseases in Mexico and their associated mortality trends from 2000 to 2007: A retrospective study of the nation and the federal states","volume":"9","author":"Mendez-Sanchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.018","article-title":"A histologic scoring system for prognosis of patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"146","author":"Altamirano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1125","unstructured":"Organization WH. International classification of diseases. 10th revision. 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1135","first-page":"E253","article-title":"Use of AUDIT-based measures to identify unhealthy alcohol use and alcohol dependence in primary care: a validation study","volume":"37","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789","article-title":"The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test","volume":"158","author":"Bush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025","article-title":"Detecting alcoholism The CAGE questionnaire","volume":"252","author":"Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00254-3","article-title":"The value of the CAGE in screening for alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in general clinical populations: a diagnostic meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Aertgeerts","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.08.020","article-title":"Utility of a new model to diagnose an alcohol basis for steatohepatitis","volume":"131","author":"Dunn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0805786","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"360","author":"Lucey","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1550054","article-title":"Liver fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Bataller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8018","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i25.8018","article-title":"Liver fibrosis markers in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Chrostek","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.040","article-title":"Transient and 2-Dimensional Shear-Wave Elastography Provide Comparable Assessment of Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis","volume":"150","author":"Thiele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.005","article-title":"Accuracy of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Test vs FibroTest Elastography, and Indirect Markers in Detection of Advanced Fibrosis in Patients With Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"154","author":"Thiele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12904","article-title":"Inflammation-adapted liver stiffness values for improved fibrosis staging in patients with hepatitis C virus and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Mueller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1190","first-page":"CD010542","article-title":"Transient elastography for diagnosis of stages of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in people with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Pavlov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.09.046","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance elastography in staging liver fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.042","article-title":"Standard Definitions and Common Data Elements for Clinical Trials in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis: Recommendation From the NIAAA Alcoholic Hepatitis Consortia","volume":"150","author":"Crabb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90401-8","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"75","author":"Maddrey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2016.02.007","article-title":"Prognosis and Prognostic Scoring Models for Alcoholic Liver Disease and Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis","volume":"20","author":"Gholam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20503","article-title":"MELD accurately predicts mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Dunn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02104.x","article-title":"A new scoring system for prognostic stratification of patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"103","author":"Dominguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21607","article-title":"The Lille model: a new tool for therapeutic strategy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids","volume":"45","author":"Louvet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29338","article-title":"Alcohol abstinence in patients surviving an episode of alcoholic hepatitis: Prediction and impact on long-term survival","volume":"66","author":"Altamirano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.044","article-title":"Combining Data From Liver Disease Scoring Systems Better Predicts Outcomes of Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis","volume":"149","author":"Louvet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.017","article-title":"Application of prognostic scores in the STOPAH trial: Discriminant function is no longer the optimal scoring system in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"68","author":"Forrest","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27779","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response and serum lipopolysaccharide levels predict multiple organ failure and death in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"62","author":"Michelena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31681-3","article-title":"Etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Latin America: a prospective, multicenter, international study","volume":"9","author":"Fassio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.014","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factors","volume":"127","author":"Fattovich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29971","article-title":"Population attributable fractions of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"122","author":"Makarova-Rusher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.05.013","article-title":"Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic or viral C cirrhosis","volume":"4","author":"N\u2019Kontchou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.09.007","article-title":"Annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and identification of risk groups","volume":"11","author":"Mancebo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.2140","article-title":"A meta-analysis of alcohol drinking and cancer risk","volume":"85","author":"Bagnardi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26767","article-title":"Association between the PNPLA3 (rs738409 C>G) variant and hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence from a meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"59","author":"Trepo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24283","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Sookoian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.162453","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and chronic liver diseases","volume":"59","author":"Altamirano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36780","article-title":"Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: synergism of alcohol with viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Hassan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2595","article-title":"Epidemiological update of hepatitis B C and delta in Latin America","volume":"18","author":"Alvarado-Mora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30919-6","article-title":"Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver (LAASL) clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Mendez-Sanchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13485","article-title":"Comparison between alcohol- and hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical presentation, treatment and outcome","volume":"43","author":"Bucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2011.11.002","article-title":"Pretransplant psychiatric and substance use comorbidity in patients with cholangiocarcinoma who received a liver transplant","volume":"53","author":"Schneekloth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.011","article-title":"Histological parameters and alcohol abstinence determine long-term prognosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"66","author":"Lackner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.10.004","article-title":"Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"130","author":"Leggio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61814-5","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study","volume":"370","author":"Addolorato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2016.02.011","article-title":"Long-Term Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"20","author":"Allampati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90776-9","article-title":"Protein-calorie malnutrition associated with alcoholic hepatitis Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Alcoholic Hepatitis","volume":"76","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01660.x","article-title":"Review article: Nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"18","author":"Stickel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1350","first-page":"345","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis: rationale and modalities for nutritional support--the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition consensus and beyond","volume":"2","author":"Lochs","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.06.021","article-title":"Validation of the Baveno VI criteria to identify low risk cirrhotic patients not requiring endoscopic surveillance for varices","volume":"65","author":"Maurice","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.01.035","article-title":"The Baveno VI criteria to identify patients not requiring endoscopic surveillance for esophageal varices - Should we use it?","volume":"66","author":"de Mattos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571295","article-title":"Antifibrotic Therapies: Where Are We Now?","volume":"36","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.004","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"53","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26359","article-title":"Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012","volume":"57","author":"Runyon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.024","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013","volume":"60","author":"Jalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","article-title":"Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver D Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of G. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27210","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver","volume":"60","author":"Vilstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.062","article-title":"Infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids: early response to therapy is the key factor","volume":"137","author":"Louvet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.003","article-title":"Prognosis of treated severe alcoholic hepatitis in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"62","author":"Rudler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197106172842404","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis. A double-blind drug trial","volume":"284","author":"Porter","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072499","article-title":"Adrenocorticosteroid therapy in alcoholic hepatitis. A prospective, double-blind randomized study","volume":"22","author":"Blitzer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202203260802","article-title":"A randomized trial of prednisolone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"326","author":"Ramond","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8964410","article-title":"Survival and prognostic factors in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone","volume":"110","author":"Mathurin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.113","article-title":"Glucocorticoids are ineffective in alcoholic hepatitis: a meta-analysis adjusting for confounding variables","volume":"37","author":"Christensen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03685.x","article-title":"Systematic review: glucocorticosteroids for alcoholic hepatitis--a Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomized clinical trials","volume":"27","author":"Rambaldi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.04.001","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Gastroenterological Association American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, and American College of Gastroenterology","volume":"142","author":"Chalasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological Interventions for Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412278","article-title":"Prednisolone or pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"372","author":"Thursz","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20189","article-title":"Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"Akriviadis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.276300","article-title":"Prednisolone with vs without pentoxifylline and survival of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Mathurin","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.10.010","article-title":"Early switch to pentoxifylline in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis is inefficient in non-responders to corticosteroids","volume":"48","author":"Louvet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101214","article-title":"Glucocorticoids plus N-acetylcysteine in severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"365","author":"Nguyen-Khac","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20206","article-title":"A double-blind randomized controlled trial of infliximab associated with prednisolone in acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"39","author":"Naveau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.08.057","article-title":"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of etanercept in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"135","author":"Boetticher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308410","article-title":"Progenitor cell expansion and impaired hepatocyte regeneration in explanted livers from alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"64","author":"Dubuquoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.154","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized pilot study","volume":"109","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05826.x","article-title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease: a Cochrane review","volume":"97","author":"Rambaldi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30863-4","article-title":"Treatment with metadoxine and its impact on early mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Higuera-de la Tijera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00476-8","article-title":"A randomized placebo controlled trial of vitamin E for alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Mezey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80285-7","article-title":"Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized and multicenter trial","volume":"28","author":"Pares","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2001.210606.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis of propylthiouracil for alcoholic liver disease--a Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Review","volume":"21","author":"Rambaldi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2006.01.018","article-title":"ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Plauth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90293-A","article-title":"Effect of total enteral nutrition on the short-term outcome of severely malnourished cirrhotics. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Cabre","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.12.038","article-title":"Intensive Enteral Nutrition Is Ineffective for Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis Treated With Corticosteroids","volume":"150","author":"Moreno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.031","article-title":"Probiotic VSL#3 reduces liver disease severity and hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"147","author":"Dhiman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.08.006","article-title":"Probiotics restore bowel flora and improve liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury: a pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Kirpich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.029","article-title":"Healthy Donor Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Steroid-Ineligible Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Pilot Study","volume":"15","author":"Philips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R108","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4985","article-title":"Effect of the molecular adsorbent recirculating system and Prometheus devices on systemic haemodynamics and vasoactive agents in patients with acute-on-chronic alcoholic liver failure","volume":"10","author":"Laleman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.01.032","article-title":"Albumin dialysis reduces portal pressure acutely in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Sen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00334-3","article-title":"Extracorporeal liver support with molecular adsorbents recirculating system in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"38","author":"Jalan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02869.x","article-title":"Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease in Europe: a study from the ELTR (European Liver Transplant Registry)","volume":"10","author":"Burra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1565","first-page":"1","article-title":"Liver Transplantation in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Retrospective Study","author":"Vassallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13013","article-title":"Epidemiology Evolution, and Long-Term Survival of Alcoholic Cirrhosis Patients Submitted to Liver Transplantation in Southeastern Spain","volume":"40","author":"Legaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032014000100010","article-title":"Analysis of the survival of cirrhotic patients enlisted for liver transplantation in the pre- and post-MELD era in southern Brazil","volume":"51","author":"Mattos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000551","article-title":"Identifying patients at higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation in a multicenter cohort study from Argentina","volume":"28","author":"Pinero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13159","article-title":"Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of the alpha-fetoprotein model in a multicenter cohort from Latin America","volume":"36","author":"Pinero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v46i1.1400","article-title":"An experience of liver transplantation in Latin America: a medical center in Colombia","volume":"46","author":"Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colomb Med (Cali)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2015.00008","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"3","author":"Dugum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.11.015","article-title":"Ethical considerations regarding early liver transplantation in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical therapy","volume":"60","author":"Donckier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2000.19027","article-title":"Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: bias, beliefs, 6-month rule, and relapse--but where are the data?","volume":"6","author":"Beresford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1610","article-title":"Controversies in clinical trials for alcoholic hepatitis","author":"Lieber","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20688","article-title":"Alcohol consumption patterns and predictors of use following liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease","volume":"12","author":"DiMartini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105703","article-title":"Early liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"365","author":"Mathurin","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25544","article-title":"Outcomes after liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis are similar to alcoholic cirrhosis: exploratory analysis from the UNOS database","volume":"55","author":"Singal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13586","article-title":"Early Liver Transplantation for Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis in the United States--A Single-Center Experience","volume":"16","author":"Im","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001831","article-title":"Three-year Results of a Pilot Program in Early Liver Transplantation for Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis","volume":"265","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"422\u2013430","key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1640","article-title":"Outcomes of Early Liver Transplantation for Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis","volume":"155","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230207","article-title":"Incidence of rejection and infection after liver transplantation as a function of the primary disease: possible influence of alcohol and polyclonal immunoglobulins","volume":"23","author":"Farges","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005_bib1650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.003","article-title":"Immunosuppression minimization vs. complete drug withdrawal in liver transplantation","volume":"59","author":"Londono","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1665268119300419?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1665268119300419?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:39:30Z","timestamp":1761647970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1665268119300419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1665268119300419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1665-2681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1665-2681","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alcohol-related liver disease: Clinical practice guidelines by the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver (ALEH)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica Sur, A.C. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}