{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:32:21Z","timestamp":1790253141372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:51:10Z","timestamp":1613609470000},"page":"100321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Drug-induced liver injury: A management position paper from the Latin American Association for Study of the liver"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Bessone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelia","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Tagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Arrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymundo","family":"Parana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahum","family":"M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Ridruejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Mendizabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Dagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Fassio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Brahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313369","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury: recent advances in diagnosis and risk assessment","volume":"66","author":"Kullak-Ublick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0010","series-title":"Drug hepatotoxicity","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.02.014","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines: drug-induced liver injury","volume":"70","author":"EASL","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.113.056267","article-title":"High daily dose and being a substrate of cytochrome P450 enzymes are two important predictors of drug-induced liver injury","volume":"42","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.379","article-title":"HLA-B*5701 genotype is a major determinant of drug-induced liver injury due to flucloxacillin","volume":"41","author":"Daly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.001","article-title":"Susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced liver injury is influenced by multiple HLA class I and II alleles","volume":"141","author":"Lucena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.58","article-title":"Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury","volume":"89","author":"Aithal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0365","article-title":"Statins in the treatment of dyslipidemia in the presence of elevated liver aminotransferase levels: a therapeutic dilemma","volume":"85","author":"Calderon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200932010-00005","article-title":"Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) prospective study: rationale, design and conduct","volume":"32","author":"Fontana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.34857","article-title":"Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study","volume":"36","author":"Sgro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.006","article-title":"Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland","volume":"144","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01456.x","article-title":"Searching for a needle in the haystack: use of ICD-9-CM codes in drug-induced liver injury","volume":"102","author":"Jinjuvadia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30886-5","article-title":"Profile of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury in Latin America. An analysis of published reports","volume":"13","author":"Hernandez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0070","article-title":"Profile of herbal and dietary supplements induced liver injury in Latin America: a systematic review of published reports","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2005.05.006","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period","volume":"129","author":"Andrade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.03.006","article-title":"Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: the DILIN prospective study","volume":"148","author":"Chalasani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12039","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury in the Australian setting","volume":"38","author":"Sistanizad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20800","article-title":"Outcome and prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.287","article-title":"Single-center experience with drug-induced liver injury from India: causes, outcome, prognosis, and predictors of mortality","volume":"105","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.138","article-title":"A prospective nationwide study of drug-induced liver injury in Korea","volume":"107","author":"Suk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31469-3","article-title":"Building a Spanish Latin American network on drug induced liver injury: much to get from a joint collaborative initiative","volume":"11","author":"Bessone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17030313","article-title":"The Latin American DILI Registry Experience: A Successful Ongoing Collaborative Strategic Initiative; Latin Dili Network Latindilin And Spanish Dili Registry","volume":"17","author":"Bessone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.778","article-title":"When the creation of a consortium provides useful answers: experience of The Latin American DILI Network (LATINDILIN)","volume":"13","author":"Bessone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0120","unstructured":"Latin American Association for Study of the liver. https:\/\/alehlatam.org [accessed 20.09.20]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.016","article-title":"Association of liver injury from specific drugs, or groups of drugs, with polymorphisms in HLA and other genes in a genome-wide association study","volume":"152","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102955","article-title":"The development of a database for herbal and dietary supplement induced liver toxicity","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28813","article-title":"Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements","volume":"65","author":"Navarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.12.051","article-title":"Herbal and dietary supplement-induced liver injuries in the Spanish DILI Registry","volume":"16","author":"Medina-Caliz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1113325","article-title":"Assessing supplement safety-the FDA's controversial proposal","volume":"366","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17030331","article-title":"Scientific and regulatory perspectives in herbal and dietary supplement associated hepatotoxicity in the United States","volume":"17","author":"Avigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0155","unstructured":"Primus Announces a Voluntary Nationwide Recall of All Lots Within Expiry of Prescription Medical Food Limbrel\u00ae Due to Rare But Serious and Reversible Adverse Events While Seeking FDA's Cooperation to Restore Access for Patients with Medical Necessity. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/safety\/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts\/primus-announces-voluntary-nationwide-recall-all-lots-within-expiry-prescription-medical-food [accessed 20.09.20]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13023","article-title":"Distinct phenotype of hepatotoxicity associated with illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids","volume":"41","author":"Robles-Diaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12798","article-title":"Review article: herbal hepatotoxicity-an update on traditional Chinese medicine preparations","volume":"40","author":"Teschke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050588","article-title":"Herbal hepatotoxicity: clinical characteristics and listing compilation","volume":"17","author":"Frenzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27317","article-title":"Liver injury from herbals and dietary supplements in the U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network","volume":"60","author":"Navarro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2019.09.009","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury secondary to herbal and dietary supplements","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0185","unstructured":"Ethnics groups in Latin America, https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/ethnic-groups-in-latin-america.html [accessed 20.09.20]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47769","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047769","article-title":"Pharmacogenetic study of drug-metabolising polymorphisms on the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.007","article-title":"Keratin variants predispose to acute liver failure and adverse outcome: race and ethnic associations","volume":"139","author":"Strnad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.215","article-title":"Idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury in African-Americans is associated with greater morbidity and mortality compared to Caucasians","volume":"112","author":"Chalasani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-39949","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy containing HIV-1 protease inhibitors","volume":"23","author":"Sulkowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14952","article-title":"Review article: drug-induced liver injury in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease \u2013 a physiopathological and clinical integrated view","volume":"48","author":"Bessone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1968.17.38","article-title":"A quantitative post-mortem study of schistosomiasis mansoni in man","volume":"17","author":"Cheever","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005867","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005867","article-title":"Increased hepatotoxicity among HIV-infected adults co-infected with Schistosomamansoni in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Marti","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12958","article-title":"Chronic liver injury induced by drugs: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Stine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.003","article-title":"Definition and risk factors for chronicity following acute idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury","volume":"65","author":"Medina-Caliz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0235","first-page":"A1189","article-title":"Nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune liver disease: An analysis from the Latin American and Spanish DILI Registries. Abstract section (POSTER). XXV Annual Meeting of the ALEH","volume":"17","author":"Bessone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23588","article-title":"Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: clinical characteristics and prognosis","volume":"51","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.07.010","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"17","author":"Thatishetty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28967","article-title":"Clinical presentations and outcomes of bile duct loss caused by drugs and herbal and dietary supplements","volume":"65","author":"Bonkovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26709","article-title":"Hepatic histological findings in suspected drug-induced liver injury: systematic evaluation and clinical associations","volume":"59","author":"Kleiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90672-8","article-title":"Liver damage caused by therapeutic vitam: a administration: estimate of dose-related toxicity in 41 cases","volume":"100","author":"Geubel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R143","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3085","article-title":"Rare incidence of methotrexate-specific lesions in liver biopsy of patients with arthritis and elevated liver enzymes","volume":"12","author":"Quintin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12912","article-title":"End-stage methotrexate-related liver disease is rare and associated with features of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Dawwas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.007","article-title":"Spanish group for the study of drug-induced liver disease. Causality assessment methods in drug induced liver injury: strengths and weaknesses","volume":"55","author":"Garc\u00eda-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00853","article-title":"Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method for drug-induced liver injury: present and future","volume":"10","author":"Dana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.07.004","article-title":"Histopathologic manifestations of drug-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1685519","article-title":"Assessment of serious acute and chronic idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury in clinical practice","volume":"39","author":"Bessone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.01.033","article-title":"Characterization of liver injury induced by cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"68","author":"De Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00267","article-title":"Biomarkers in DILI: one more step forward","volume":"7","author":"Robles-D\u00edaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2014.920823","article-title":"Mechanistic biomarkers in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure: from preclinical models to patients","volume":"10","author":"McGill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26294","article-title":"Mechanistic biomarkers provide early and sensitive detection of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury at first presentation to hospital","volume":"58","author":"Antoine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu195","article-title":"Glycodeoxycholic acid levels as prognostic biomarker in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure patients","volume":"142","author":"Woolbright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.017","article-title":"Bile acids in drug induced liver injury: key players and surrogate markers","volume":"40","author":"Schadt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft221","article-title":"Evaluation of serum bile acid profiles as biomarkers of liver injury in rodents","volume":"137","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13593","article-title":"Drug induced liver injury with analysis of alternative causes as confounding variables","volume":"84","author":"Teschke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.09.011","article-title":"Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States","volume":"135","author":"Chalasani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7181","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i23.7181","volume":"20","author":"Roman","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-015-0708-5","article-title":"Hepatitis C in key populations in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Alonso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23526","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection in Latin America: a review","volume":"85","author":"Echevarr\u00eda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.005","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"68","author":"The European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03504.x","article-title":"The role of hepatitis E virus testing in drug-induced liver injury","volume":"26","author":"Dalton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.051","article-title":"Acute hepatitis E infection accounts for some cases of drug-induced liver injury","volume":"141","author":"Davern","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0370","first-page":"146","article-title":"Clinical and differential diagnosis: dengue, chikungunya and Zika","volume":"81","author":"Beltr\u00e1n-Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1720652","article-title":"Severe dengue and liver involvement: an overview and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Chia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0380","article-title":"A case of initially undiagnosed chikungunya arthritis developing into chronic phase in a nonendemic area","author":"Pui Shan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0385","series-title":"Epidemiological update: yellow fever","author":"Pan American Health Organization\/World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.08.030","article-title":"Yellow fever","volume":"64","author":"Monath","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762010000400012","article-title":"Acute schistosomiasis mansoni: revisited and reconsidered","volume":"105","author":"Lambertucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0400","series-title":"Human virology in Latin America. From biology to control. Cham","first-page":"361","article-title":"Hepatitis D virus","author":"Paran\u00e1","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.794","article-title":"Clinical and virological heterogeneity of hepatitis delta in the Amazonia: more questions than answers","volume":"13","author":"Paran\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2174\/1574886314666190215115434","article-title":"Idiosyncratic drug-induced acute liver failure: a challenging and distressing scenario","volume":"14","author":"Colaci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.06.006","article-title":"Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure","volume":"137","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2016.1127756","article-title":"Current and future directions in the treatment and prevention of drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Stine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0425","first-page":"612","volume":"59","author":"Karkhanis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Steroid use in Acute Liver Failure Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0300-z","article-title":"Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group","volume":"21","author":"Puzanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6385","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"36","author":"Brahmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.01.033","article-title":"Characterization of liver injury induced by cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"68","author":"De Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181c3f87e","article-title":"Successful treatment of leflunomide-induced acute pneumonitis with cholestyramine wash-out therapy","volume":"15","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.012","article-title":"Liver disease associated with canalicular transport defects: current and future therapies","volume":"52","author":"Stapelbroek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.10.1405","article-title":"Effect of L-carnitine treatment for valproate induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"56","author":"Bohan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i27.3634","article-title":"Bioartificial liver support systems for acute liver failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical and preclinical literature","volume":"25","author":"Yu-Ting","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22895","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: the influence of age and sex","volume":"49","author":"Lucena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.050","article-title":"Use of Hy's Law and a new composite algorithm to predict acute liver failure in patients with drug-induced liver injury","volume":"147","author":"Robles-Diaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1666ST","article-title":"An official ATS statement: hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis therapy","volume":"174","author":"Saukkonen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0480","series-title":"Drug-induced liver disease","first-page":"483","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity of antitubercular drugs","author":"Verma","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.003","article-title":"Definition and risk factors for chronicity following acute idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury","volume":"65","author":"Medina-Caliz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.11.002","article-title":"Drug-induced cholestasis","volume":"17","author":"Bjornsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0495","article-title":"Drug hepatotoxicity","author":"Bessone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-017-2024-8","article-title":"A review of drug-induced liver injury databases","volume":"91","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0505","unstructured":"FDA adverse event reporting system. Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation\/surveillance\/adversedrugeffects [accessed 25.11.20]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2019.09.010","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury resources and reporting for the clinician","volume":"24","author":"Isaacson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321_bib0515","series-title":"LiverTox: clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury [Internet]","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Annals of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S166526812100020X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S166526812100020X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1761648112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S166526812100020X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S166526812100020X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321","relation":{},"ISSN":["1665-2681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1665-2681","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Drug-induced liver injury: A management position paper from the Latin American Association for Study of the liver","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100321","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica Sur, A.C. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100321"}}