{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:10:37Z","timestamp":1790266237550,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20DZ2270800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20DZ2270800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WH510363002\/005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WH510363002\/005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:47:00Z","timestamp":1774514820000},"page":"273-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Causal effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on cataracts: A mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9585-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-4831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyong","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianqun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10374","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01839-6","article-title":"Cataracts","volume":"401","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1086\/302241","article-title":"Genetic mapping to 10q23.3-q24.2, in a large Italian pedigree, of a new syndrome showing bilateral cataracts, gastroesophageal reflux, and spastic paraparesis with amyotrophy","volume":"64","author":"Seri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x","article-title":"The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus","volume":"101","author":"Vakil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313589","article-title":"Global prevalence of, and risk factors for, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms: a meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Eusebi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.01.040","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on the diagnosis and management of extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease: expert review","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000003329","article-title":"Ocular surface disease as extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease manifestation: a specific therapeutic strategy","volume":"43","author":"Di Zazzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00287-w","article-title":"Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease","volume":"7","author":"Fass","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17219","article-title":"Mendelian randomization","volume":"318","author":"Emdin","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR statement","volume":"326","author":"Skrivankova","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323906","article-title":"Multitrait genetic association analysis identifies 50 new risk loci for gastro-oesophageal reflux, seven new loci for Barrett's oesophagus and provides insights into clinical heterogeneity in reflux diagnosis","volume":"71","author":"Ong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01646-1","article-title":"Mendelian randomization evidence for the causal effects of socio-economic inequality on human longevity among Europeans","volume":"7","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00931-x","article-title":"A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes","volume":"53","author":"Sakaue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D10","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1088","article-title":"EMBL's european bioinformatics institute (EMBL-EBI) in 2023","volume":"52","author":"Thakur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"7944","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","article-title":"FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population","volume":"613","author":"Kurki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1346","article-title":"Meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization: a review","volume":"10","author":"Bowden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00757-1","article-title":"Mendelian randomisation for mediation analysis: current methods and challenges for implementation","volume":"36","author":"Carter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x","article-title":"Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method","volume":"32","author":"Burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3785","article-title":"Identification of ten variants associated with risk of estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer","volume":"49","author":"Milne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102","article-title":"Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption","volume":"46","author":"Hartwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2000328","article-title":"Esophageal motility disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"383","author":"Mittal","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000337","article-title":"Diet and gastroesophageal reflux disease: role in pathogenesis and management","volume":"33","author":"Sethi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.21360","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease: a review","volume":"324","author":"Maret-Ouda","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3283414f50","article-title":"Cataract surgery in developing countries","volume":"22","author":"Khanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01606.x","article-title":"Prevalence of extra-oesophageal manifestations in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: an analysis based on the ProGERD study","volume":"17","author":"Jaspersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1176-4","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux\/laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: a critical analysis of the literature","volume":"267","author":"Kotby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267053","article-title":"Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.9.875","article-title":"Prospective study of cataract extraction and risk of coronary heart disease in women","volume":"153","author":"Hu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i10.3085","article-title":"Association between diabetes mellitus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib32","article-title":"Alcohol intake and the risk of age-related cataracts: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114012","article-title":"Hypertension and risk of cataract: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4913","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad736","article-title":"Mendelian randomization for cardiovascular diseases: principles and applications","volume":"44","author":"Larsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2025.06.002","article-title":"Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14125","article-title":"Metabolomic age and risk of 50 chronic diseases in community-dwelling adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Shang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"}],"container-title":["Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667376226000296?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667376226000296?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:36:16Z","timestamp":1790264176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667376226000296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2667376226000296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-3762"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-3762","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Causal effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on cataracts: A mendelian randomization study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aopr.2026.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Zhejiang University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}