{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:12:11Z","timestamp":1783037531976,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"AVES YAYINCILIK A.\u015e.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AOTT"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract\n\nObjectives\nThe aim of our study was to develop a smartphone-aided end vertebra selection method and to investigate its effectiveness in Cobb angle measurement.\nMethods\nTwenty-nine adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients' pre-operative posteroanterior scoliosis radiographs were used for end vertebra selection and Cobb angle measurement by standard method and smartphone-aided method. Measurements were performed by 7 examiners. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to analyze selection and measurement reliability. Summary statistics of variance calculations were used to provide 95% prediction limits for the error in Cobb angle measurements. A paired 2-tailed t test was used to analyze end vertebra selection differences.\nResults\nMean absolute Cobb angle difference was 3.6\u00b0 for the manual method and 1.9\u00b0 for the smartphone-aided method. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability were found excellent in manual and smartphone set for Cobb angle measurement. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability were found excellent in manual and smartphone set for end vertebra selection. But reliability values of manual set were lower than smartphone. Two observers selected significantly different end vertebra in their repeated selections for manual method.\nConclusion\nSmartphone-aided method for end vertebra selection and Cobb angle measurement showed excellent reliability. We can expect a reduction in measurement error rates with the widespread use of this method in clinical practice.\nLevel of evidence\nLevel III, Diagnostic study\nER -\n\nKeywords\n\n\n\tScoliosis\n\tSmartphone\n\tCobb angle\n\tEnd vertebra<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T22:02:30Z","timestamp":1488232950000},"page":"146-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Use of the smartphone for end vertebra selection in scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.5152","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Murad","family":"PEPE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"KOCADAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"IY\u0130GUN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafer","family":"GUNES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ertugrul","family":"AKSAH\u0130N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cem","family":"Nuri AKTEK\u0130N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3111","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib1","first-page":"559","article-title":"Phantom limb related phenomena and their rehabilitation after lower limb amputation","volume":"45","author":"Casale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.1.107","article-title":"Phantom limb pain","volume":"87","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32834a105f","article-title":"Phantom limb pain and bodily awareness: current concepts and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Giummarra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00454.x","article-title":"21. Phantom pain","volume":"11","author":"Wolff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e3181edf128","article-title":"Phantom limb pain: theories and therapies","volume":"16","author":"Weeks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00061-4","article-title":"The influence of preamputation pain on postamputation stump and phantom pain","volume":"72","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90090-9","article-title":"Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain","volume":"21","author":"Jensen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215509360645","article-title":"Factors associated with phantom limb pain: a 31\/2-year prospective study","volume":"24","author":"Bosmans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00538-9","article-title":"Phantom pain and risk factors: a multivariate analysis","volume":"24","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.9.1603","article-title":"The perception of phantom limbs. The D. O. Hebb lecture","volume":"121","author":"Ramachandran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib11","first-page":"121","article-title":"Postamputation pain: epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2013-000141","article-title":"Know pain know gain: proposing a treatment approach for phantom limb pain","volume":"160","author":"Le Feuvre","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib13","first-page":"227","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of chronic phantom limb pain among American veterans. Results of a trial survey","volume":"62","author":"Sherman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.01.009","article-title":"Phantom limb pain after amputation in diabetic patients does not differ from that after amputation in nondiabetic patients","volume":"154","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.07.053","article-title":"Stability of phantom limb phenomena after upper limb amputation: a longitudinal study","volume":"156","author":"Hunter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh350","article-title":"Dissociation of phantom limb phenomena from stump tactile spatial acuity and sensory thresholds","volume":"128","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000177793.01415.bd","article-title":"Incidence of phantom phenomena including phantom limb pain 6 months after major lower limb amputation in patients with peripheral vascular disease","volume":"22","author":"Richardson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib18","first-page":"102","article-title":"Preamputation pain and acute pain predict chronic pain after lower extremity amputation","volume":"8","author":"Hanley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2014.10.006","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical evaluation of postamputation phenomena including phantom limb pain after lower limb amputation in dysvascular patients","volume":"16","author":"Richardson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00264-5","article-title":"Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study","volume":"87","author":"Kooijman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib21","first-page":"858","article-title":"Painful and nonpainful phantom and stump sensations in acute traumatic amputees","volume":"65","author":"Schley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007_bib22","series-title":"Amputation, Prosthesis Use, and Phantom Limb Pain. An Interdisciplinary Perspective","first-page":"157","article-title":"Management of phantom limb pain","author":"Mac Iver","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1017995X17300949?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1017995X17300949?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aott.org.tr\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/3243\/3191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T11:05:17Z","timestamp":1763463917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aott.org.tr\/index.php\/pub\/article\/view\/3243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-1294","1017-995X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-1294","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1017-995X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between phantom limb complex and the level of amputation in lower limb amputee","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aott.2017.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}