{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:22:31Z","timestamp":1778872951460,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"AVES YAYINCILIK A.\u015e.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AOTT"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract\n\nObjective\nThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the local application of vancomycin hydrochloride (HCl)\u2013ceftriaxone disodium hemiheptahydrate onto implants before using them to prevent postoperative infection.\nMethods\nThe study included 239 patients (153 women and 86 men; mean age: 48.23 \u00b1 16.77 years) who had thoracolumbar stabilization with transpedicular screws. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon. Patients were divided into two groups. In the group 1 (n = 104), implants were bathed in a solution of local prophylactic antibiotics for 5 seconds just before implantation. In the group 2 (n = 135), implants were not bathed before implantation. Local antibiotics used in the study was effective against gram positive bacteria (including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria. The rate of surgical site infection and wound healing time were compared between the groups.\nResults\nA total of 10 patients (4.1%) had deep wound infection and 20 (8.4%) had superficial infection. The most common bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus. One patient died 21 days after the surgery because of sepsis. The wound healed in a mean of 9.66 \u00b1 2.04 days in patients who had no infection and in 32.33 \u00b1 19.64 days in patients with infection (p &lt; 0.001). The patients in group 1 had significantly less deep infection than the patients in group 2 (p &lt; 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for superficial infection. Patients with vertebral fracture had significantly lower deep infection rate in group 1. The deep infection rate of group 1 patients with diabetes, with bleeding of more than 2000 mL, transfused with blood transfusions above 3 units and with dural injury was significantly lower than those in the group 2. None of the patients had allergic reactions to the drugs used for local prophylaxis.\nConclusions\nThis study shown that bathing implants in antibiotics solution was an effective local prophylactic method to prevent deep infections in spinal surgeries with instrumentation.\nLevel of Evidence\nLevel III, Therapeutic study.\nER -<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T09:32:39Z","timestamp":1528363959000},"page":"289-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effectiveness of pedicle screw immersion in vancomycin and ceftriaxone solution for the prevention of postoperative spinal infection: A prospective comparative study"],"prefix":"10.5152","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Burak","family":"EREN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feyza","family":"Karag\u00f6z G\u00dcZEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serkan","family":"K\u0130T\u0130\u015e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nezih","family":"\u00d6ZKAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cafer","family":"KORKUT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3111","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.5.SPINE08633","article-title":"Surgical site infection rates after minimally invasive spinal surgery","volume":"11","author":"O'Toole","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.07.010","article-title":"Evidence-based management of deep wound infection after spinal instrumentation","volume":"22","author":"Lall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.15.3.14","article-title":"Postoperative wound infections of the spine","volume":"15","author":"Beiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib4","first-page":"392","article-title":"Infection with spinal instrumentation: review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management","volume":"4","author":"Kasliwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0493-8","article-title":"Complications in lumbar fusion surgery for chronic low back pain: comparison of three surgical techniques used in a prospective randomized study. A report from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group","volume":"12","author":"Fritzell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.6.SPINE121105","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of local application of vancomycin powder in posterior spinal fusion for spine trauma: clinical article","volume":"19","author":"Godil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200010000-00009","article-title":"Postoperative spinal wound infection: a review of 2,391 consecutive index procedures","volume":"13","author":"Weinstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.09.022","article-title":"What is new in the diagnosis and prevention of spine surgical site infections","volume":"15","author":"Radcliff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1086\/501572","article-title":"The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization, and extra costs","volume":"20","author":"Kirkland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31821fbf72","article-title":"Preservation of spinal instrumentation after development of ostoperative bacterial infections in patients undergoing spinal arthrodesis","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Techn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib11","first-page":"975","article-title":"Management of postoperative infections after spinal instrumentation","volume":"86","author":"Levi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200111000-00006","article-title":"Postoperative wound infection after instrumentation of thoracic and lumbar fractures","volume":"15","author":"Rechtine","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orth Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0469-8","article-title":"Complications of pedicle screws in lumbar and lumbosacral fusions in 105 consecutive primary operations","volume":"11","author":"Jutte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1421-y","article-title":"Risk factors for deep surgical site infections after spinal fusion","volume":"19","author":"Schimmel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2000.92.2.0169","article-title":"Monitoring of blood parameters following anterior cervical fusion","volume":"92","author":"Rosahl","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2783-8","article-title":"Predisposing factors for surgical site infection of spinal instrumentation surgery for diabetes patients","volume":"22","author":"Satake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib17","series-title":"Youmans Neurological Surgery Sixth Edition","first-page":"570","article-title":"Postoperative infections of the spine","author":"Finn","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819a827c","article-title":"Clinical outcome of deep wound infection after instrumented posterior spinal fusion: a matched cohort analysis","volume":"34","author":"Mok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3636-9","article-title":"Postoperative wound infection after posterior spinal instrumentation: analysis of long-term treatment outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1426-0","article-title":"Infections in spinal instrumentation","volume":"36","author":"Gerometta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.10.015","article-title":"Bacterial wound contamination during simple and complex spinal procedures. A prospective clinical study","volume":"11","author":"Gelalis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880903200901","article-title":"New concepts and new weapons in implant infections","volume":"32","author":"Arciola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000147801.63304.8a","article-title":"Adherence and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis on various spinal implants","volume":"30","author":"Ha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.4.895","article-title":"Impact of bacterial biofilm formation on in vitro and in vivo activities of antibiotics","volume":"42","author":"Schwank","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B5.33336","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles and their orthopaedic applications","volume":"97-B","author":"Brennan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.03.010","article-title":"Antibacterial effects of electrically activated vertebral implants","volume":"15","author":"Secinti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.2.283","article-title":"Cytotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0975-6","article-title":"Can povidone-iodine solution be used safely in a spinal surgery?","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1994.1155","article-title":"The use of local and systemic antibiotics in rat fecal peritonitis","volume":"57","author":"Perdue","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2104-z","article-title":"Molinari WJ3rd. Prophylactic intraoperative powdered vancomycin and postoperative deep spinal wound infection: 1,512consecutive surgical cases over a 6-year period","volume":"21","author":"Molinari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31828fcfb5","article-title":"Intrawound vancomycin powder reduces surgical site infections in posterior cervical fusion","volume":"38","author":"Caroom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318197e96c","article-title":"Reduction of postoperative spinal implant infection using gentamicin microspheres","volume":"34","author":"Stall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200010000-00049","article-title":"Bacitracin irrigation: a cause of anaphylaxis in the operating room","volume":"91","author":"Blas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-80-7-354","article-title":"Development and application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement beads","volume":"80","author":"Stabile","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.SPINE1445","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of spinal surgical site infection and vancomycin powder","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2015.9.4.517","article-title":"Efficacy of antibiotics sprayed into surgical site for prevention of the contamination in the spinal surgery","volume":"9","author":"Suh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2435-4","article-title":"The use of antibiotic-impregnated fibrin sealant for the prevention of surgical site infection associated with spinal instrumentation","volume":"21","author":"Tofuku","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"}],"container-title":["Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1017995X17303814?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1017995X17303814?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aott.org.tr\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/3373\/3320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T11:32:37Z","timestamp":1763465557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aott.org.tr\/index.php\/pub\/article\/view\/3373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-1294","1017-995X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-1294","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1017-995X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effectiveness of pedicle screw immersion in vancomycin and ceftriaxone solution for the prevention of postoperative spinal infection: A prospective comparative study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aott.2018.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}