{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:31:38Z","timestamp":1791138698098,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,12]],"date-time":"2009-06-12T07:40:46Z","timestamp":1244792446000},"page":"1026-1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Combining electrodermal responses and cardiovascular measures for probing adaptive automation during simulated flight"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Haarmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Boucsein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2004.08.001","article-title":"A research agenda for physiological computing","volume":"16","author":"Allanson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Interact. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.09.065","article-title":"Influence of age, gender, body mass index, and functional capacity on heart rate variability in a cohort of subjects without heart disease","volume":"93","author":"Antelmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186883","article-title":"A comparison of factor analytic methods of obtaining cardiovascular autonomic components for the assessment of mental workload","volume":"41","author":"Backs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib4","series-title":"A Comparison of a Brain-based Adaptive System and a Manual Adaptable System for Invoking Automation","author":"Bailey","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib5","first-page":"195","article-title":"Einige praktische Konsequenzen aus der Aktivierungstheorie","volume":"16","author":"Bartenwerfer","year":"1969","journal-title":"Z. Exp. Angew. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x","article-title":"Heart rate variability: origins, methods, and interpretive caveats","volume":"34","author":"Berntson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib7","series-title":"European Control Conference","article-title":"Clinical anesthesia and control engineering: terminology, concepts and issues","author":"Bibian","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib8","series-title":"Electrodermal Activity","author":"Boucsein","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib9","series-title":"Engineering Psychophysiology. Issues and Applications","first-page":"3","article-title":"Engineering psychophysiology as a discipline: historical and theoretical aspects","author":"Boucsein","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib10","series-title":"Handbook of Digital Human Modeling","first-page":"35-1","article-title":"The psychophysiology of emotion, arousal, and personality: methods and models","author":"Boucsein","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib11","first-page":"S26","article-title":"The usability of cardiovascular and electrodermal measures for adaptive automation during a simulated IFR flight mission","volume":"42","author":"Boucsein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(95)05161-9","article-title":"Psychophysiology and adaptive automation","volume":"42","author":"Byrne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib13","series-title":"The Multi-Attribute Test Battery for Human Operator Workload and Strategic Behavior Research (No. 104174)","author":"Comstock","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022247405278","article-title":"Electroencephalographic and psychometric differences between boys with and without attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Cox","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840200800209","article-title":"Electrodermal responses: what happens in the brain","volume":"8","author":"Critchley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib16","series-title":"Proceedings IEA 2006 Congress: Meeting Diversity in Ergonomics","article-title":"Can cardiovascular indices be used to adapt the ambulance dispatch worker's task?","author":"De Waard","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib17","first-page":"215","article-title":"Entwicklung und \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung einer Skala zur Erfassung subjektiv erlebter Anstrengung","volume":"40","author":"Eilers","year":"1986","journal-title":"Z. Arbeitswiss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib18","series-title":"Automation and Human Performance: Theory and Applications","first-page":"163","article-title":"Automation and situation awareness","author":"Endsley","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib19","series-title":"Engineering Psychology: Issues and Applications","first-page":"111","article-title":"Recording methods in applied environments","author":"Fahrenberg","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib20","unstructured":"Fairclough, S.H., 2007. Psychophysiological inference and physiological computer games. Workshop of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE). BrainPlay '07: Playing with your brain. Brain\u2013computer interfaces and games. Online document: http:\/\/hmi.ewi.utwente.nl\/brainplay07_files\/brainplay07.pdf#page=11, pp. 19\u201324."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib21","first-page":"S25","article-title":"The use of autonomic measures for biocybernetic adaptation","volume":"42","author":"Fairclough","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1981.tb03024.x","article-title":"Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements","volume":"18","author":"Fowles","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(99)00002-2","article-title":"Evaluation of an adaptive automation system using three EEG indices with a visual tracking task","volume":"50","author":"Freeman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009566809021","article-title":"Evaluation of a psychophysically controlled adaptive automation system, using performance on a tracking task","volume":"25","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib25","unstructured":"Haarmann, A., 2007. Der Einsatz psychophysiologischer Variablen bei der adaptiven Automatisierung am Beispiel einer Flugsimulationsaufgabe (Application of psychophysiological measures for adaptive automation during simulated flight). Doctoral thesis. University of Wuppertal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib26","unstructured":"Hadley, J., Mikulka, P.J., Freeman, F.G., Scerbo, M.W., Prinzel III, L.J., 1997. Psychophysiological evaluation of a biocybernetic system for adaptive automation. In: Paper Presented at the 9th Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Columbus, Ohio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib27","series-title":"Automation Technology and Human Performance: Current Research and Trends","first-page":"139","article-title":"Behavioral, subjective, and psychophysiological correlates of various schedules of short-cycle automation","author":"Hadley","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/82069","article-title":"Online artifact removal for brain\u2013computer interfaces using support vector machines and blind source separation","author":"Halder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib29","series-title":"Human Mental Workload","first-page":"139","article-title":"Development of NASA-TLX (task load index): results of empirical and theoretical research","author":"Hart","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib30","series-title":"MANPRINT: an Approach to Systems Integration","first-page":"257","article-title":"Workload assessment and prediction","author":"Hart","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib31","series-title":"Psychophysiology. The Mind\u2013Body Perspective","author":"Hugdahl","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib32","series-title":"Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 10\u201312 May 1994. IMTC\/94. Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. Advanced Technologies in I. & M., 1994","article-title":"Instrument for monitoring arousal level using electrodermal activity","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Isshiki","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib33","series-title":"Evaluation of the Cyberlink\u2122 Interface as an Alternative Human Operator Controller (AL\/CF-TR-1995-0011)","author":"Junker","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib34","series-title":"Autogenic-feedback training improves pilot performance during emergency flying conditions","author":"Kellar","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib35","unstructured":"Kuikkaniemi, K., Kosunen, I., 2007. Progressive system architecture for building emotionally adaptive games. Workshop of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE). BrainPlay '07: Playing with your brain. Brain\u2013computer interfaces and games. Online document: http:\/\/hmi.ewi.utwente.nl\/brainplay07_files\/brainplay07.pdf#page=11, pp. 33\u201335."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib36","series-title":"Skin Signals Betray a Gamer's Moves","author":"Laufer","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib37","series-title":"Engineering Psychophysiology: Issues and Applications","first-page":"161","article-title":"The validity of factor analytically derived cardiac autonomic components for mental workload assessment","author":"Lenneman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib38","first-page":"227","article-title":"Neural control of cardiac function","volume":"6","author":"Levy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin. Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01000016","article-title":"Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorders","volume":"16","author":"Lubar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biofeedback Self Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01712768","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training for ADHD in a clinical setting as measured by changes in T.O.V.A. scores, behavioral ratings, and WISC-R performance","volume":"20","author":"Lubar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biofeedback Self Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib41","series-title":"Enzyklop\u00e4die der Psychologie. Themenbereich C: Theorie und Forschung. Serie I: Biologische Psychologie, Band 5: Ergebnisse und Anwendungen der Psychophysiologie","first-page":"799","article-title":"Psychophysiologie mentaler Beanspruchung","author":"Manzey","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib42","first-page":"69","article-title":"Mind operated devices","volume":"2","author":"Metz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cogn. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib43","unstructured":"Mikulka, P., Hadley, G., Freeman, F., Scerbo, M., 1999. The effects of a biocybernetic system on vigilance decrement. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting, 1410."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib44","series-title":"Human Performance in Automated Systems: Current Research and Trends","first-page":"256","article-title":"Definitions and prospective guidelines for the application of adaptive automation","author":"Morrison","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib45","series-title":"Operator Functional State","first-page":"260","article-title":"How to use cardiovascular state changes in adaptive automation","author":"Mulder","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138508963211","article-title":"Feedback control of the level of arousal using skin potential level as an index","volume":"28","author":"Nishimura","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib47","series-title":"Cardiovascular Psychophysiology","author":"Obrist","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib48","article-title":"Computer aided physiological assessment of the functional state of pilots during simulated flight","author":"Offenloch","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(81)90033-0","article-title":"Boredom: practical consequences and a theory","volume":"49","author":"O'Hanlon","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib50","series-title":"Operator Functional State","first-page":"177","article-title":"Adaptive automation matched to human mental workload","author":"Parasuraman","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.1","article-title":"Mind-operated devices: mental control of a computer using biofeedback","volume":"9","author":"Parente","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib52","first-page":"449","article-title":"Identification of hazardous awareness states in monitoring environments","volume":"101","author":"Pope","year":"1992","journal-title":"SAE Trans.: J. Aerosp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(95)05116-3","article-title":"Biocybernetic system evaluates indices of operator engagement in automated task","volume":"40","author":"Pope","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib54","series-title":"Three Experiments Examining the Use of Electroencephalogram, Event-related Potentials, and Heart-rate Variability for Real-time Human-centered Adaptive Automation Design","author":"Prinzel","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib55","series-title":"Application of Physiological Self-regulation and Adaptive Task Allocation Techniques for Controlling Operator Hazardous States of Awareness","author":"Prinzel","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib56","series-title":"Physiological Self-regulation and Adaptive Automation","author":"Prinzel","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib57","first-page":"67","article-title":"Diagnostik von Arbeitsanforderungen und kumulativen Beanspruchungsfolgen am Beispiel eines Call Centers","volume":"1\u20132","author":"Richter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Z. Arbeitswiss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(95)00054-2","article-title":"Pilot performance and preference for short cycles of automation in adaptive function allocation","volume":"26","author":"Scallen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib59","series-title":"Engineering Psychophysiology. Issues and Applications","first-page":"241","article-title":"A biocybernetic system for adaptive automation","author":"Scerbo","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib60","series-title":"The Efficacy of Psychophysiological Measures for Implementing Adaptive Technology","author":"Scerbo","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/62.3.290","article-title":"Closed-loop feedback control of Propofol anaesthesia by quantitative EEG analysis in humans","volume":"62","author":"Schwilden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simanski, O., K\u00e4hler, R., Pohl, B., Hofmockel, R., Friedrich, R., Lampe, B.P., 2003. Measurement and control of neuromuscular blockade and depth of anaesthesia. In: Proceedings of the 7th European Control Conference, Cambridge (UK), 2003.","DOI":"10.23919\/ECC.2003.7086470"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000118347","article-title":"COMSTAT rule for vigilance classification based on spontaneous EEG activity","volume":"17","author":"Streitberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib64","series-title":"Psychophysiology of Cardiovascular Control","first-page":"353","article-title":"Time domain versus frequency domain measures of heart-rate variability","author":"Van Dellen","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(95)05165-1","article-title":"Physiological indices of workload in a simulated flight task","volume":"42","author":"Veltman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib66","first-page":"7","article-title":"The adaptive operator","volume":"vol. II","author":"Veltman","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02483.x","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve activity underlying electrodermal and cardiovascular reactions in man","volume":"18","author":"Wallin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327108IJAP1201_2","article-title":"An analysis of mental workload in pilots during flight using multiple psychophysiological measures","volume":"12","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Aviat. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib69","series-title":"Multiple-task Performance","first-page":"329","article-title":"Psychophysiological assessment of workload in multi-task environments","author":"Wilson","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(92)90015-M","article-title":"Respiration in psychophysiology: methods and applications","volume":"34","author":"Wientjes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130150203893","article-title":"Vigilance on the civil flight deck: incidence of sleepiness and sleep during long-haul flights and associated changes in physiological parameters","volume":"44","author":"Wright","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02457838","article-title":"Instrument for controlling drowsiness using galvanic skin reflex","volume":"30","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."}],"container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687009000714?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687009000714?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T05:20:29Z","timestamp":1757740829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003687009000714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003687009000714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6870"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6870","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Combining electrodermal responses and cardiovascular measures for probing adaptive automation during simulated flight","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Ergonomics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}