{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:26:41Z","timestamp":1789759601951,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1434209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1434209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005023","name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCS2015ZQ001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCS2015ZQ001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T23:10:28Z","timestamp":1549062628000},"page":"122-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A hybrid human and organisational analysis method for railway accidents based on STAMP-HFACS and human information processing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3886-7884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenling","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Mikela","family":"Chatzimichailidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0958-0107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyuchan Thomas","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Waterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib1a","series-title":"S.Brain of the Firm","author":"Beer","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1075067","article-title":"Introducing RiskSOAP to communicate the distributed situation awareness of a system about safety issues: an application to a robotic system","volume":"59","author":"Chatzimichailidou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2013.03.013","article-title":"EWaSAP: an early warning sign identification approach based on a systemic hazard analysis","volume":"58","author":"Dokas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib3","series-title":"Application of CAST and STPA to Railroad Safety in China","author":"Dong","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2003.11.001","article-title":"The railway accident of Eschede \u2013 technical background","volume":"11","author":"Esslinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib5","series-title":"Engineering for Humans: a New Extension to STPA. Master's Thesis","author":"France","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib6","series-title":"The 7th MIT STAMP\/STPA Workshop, MIT, March 26-29","article-title":"New guidance for CAST: case study of a US freight rail stop overrun and collision","author":"France","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220903536559","article-title":"An extension of the human factors analysis and classification system for use in open systems","volume":"12","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theor. Issues Ergon. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib8","series-title":"Mental Models: towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness","author":"Johnson-Laird","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib9","series-title":"Developing a Computer-aided System for Analyzing Human Error in Railway Operations","author":"Kim","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(03)00047-X","article-title":"A new accident model for engineering safer systems","volume":"42","author":"Leveson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib11","series-title":"Engineering a Safer World: Systems Thinking Applied to Safety","author":"Leveson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib12","series-title":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT), Beijing","first-page":"191","article-title":"Model-based generation of safety test-cases for Onboard systems","author":"Li","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib13","article-title":"An extended system-theoretic hazard analysis method for the safety of high-speed railway train control systems","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. - Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib14","series-title":"3rd European STAMP Workshop, Amsterdam, 4th \u2013 6th October","article-title":"Risk analysis of serious air traffic incident based on STAMP-HFACS and fuzzy sets","author":"Lower","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2018.04.015","article-title":"A system-theoretic accident model and process with human factors analysis and classification system taxonomy","volume":"110","author":"Lower","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.08.023","article-title":"Application of human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) to UK rail safety of the line incidents","volume":"97","author":"Madigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib17","series-title":"CTCS-2 System Technical Specification","author":"MOR Science & Technology Bureau","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib18","series-title":"CTCS-2 System Train Control Centre Technical Specification","author":"MOR Science & Technology Bureau","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib19","series-title":"Regulation of Railway Technical Operation","author":"MOR Science & Technology Bureau","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib20","series-title":"Railway Transportation Dispatching Rules","author":"MOR Science & Technology Bureau","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib21","series-title":"CTCS-2 System Onboard System Technical Specification","author":"MOR Science & Technology Bureau","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib22","series-title":"Railway Passenger Dedicated Line Management Rules, No.116","author":"MOR Science & Technology Bureau","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib23","series-title":"Human Factors in Aviation","first-page":"263","article-title":"Human error in aviation operations","author":"Nagel","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.23919\/CJE.2014.10851892","article-title":"Applying system thinking to learn from accident of modern automatic control systems","volume":"23","author":"Niu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Electron."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.10.004","article-title":"Accident prediction model for railway-highway interfaces","volume":"38","author":"Oh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139408964954","article-title":"Cognitive failure analysis for aircraft accident investigation","volume":"7","author":"O'Hare","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2010.01.002","article-title":"STAMP-based analysis on the railway accident and accident spreading: taking the China\u2013Jiaoji railway accident for example","volume":"48","author":"Ouyang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib28","series-title":"Human Error","author":"Reason","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib29","series-title":"Managing the Risks of Organizational Accident","author":"Reason","year":"1997"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.10.013","article-title":"Application of a human error framework to conduct train accident\/incident investigations","volume":"38","author":"Reinach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2011.11.009","article-title":"System-based accident analysis methods: a comparison of Accimap, HFACS, and STAMP","volume":"50","author":"Salmon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib32","series-title":"Investigation Report of the \u201c7.23\u201d Yong-wen Railway Accident. Beijing, State Administration of Workplace Safety","author":"SAWS","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib33","series-title":"The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System \u2013 HFACS. Federal Aviation Administration Technical Report No. DOT\/FAA\/AM-00\/7","author":"Shappell","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/21665044.2015.1129889","article-title":"Disaster complexity and the Santiago de Compostela train derailment","volume":"3","author":"Shultz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disaster Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib35","series-title":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference","first-page":"376","article-title":"A STAMP analysis on the China-Yong-Wen railway accident","author":"Song","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib36","series-title":"Accident Analysis and Hazard Analysis for Human and Organisational Factors","author":"Stringfellow","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib37","series-title":"A System Theoretic Analysis of the \u201c7.23\u201d Yong-tai-wen Railway Accident. The First STAMP Workshop","author":"Suo","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib2a","series-title":"Extending and Automating a Systems-Theoretic Hazard Analysis for Requirements Generation and Analysis","author":"Thomas","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib38","series-title":"Extending the Human-controller Methodology in Systems-theoretic Process Analysis (STPA)","author":"Thornberry","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.07.027","article-title":"System thinking, the Swiss Cheese Model and accident analysis: a comparative systemic analysis of the Grayrigg train derailment using the ATSB, Accimap and STAMP models","volume":"68","author":"Underwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.05.006","article-title":"An integrated hazard identification method based on the hierarchical Colored Petri Net","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib41","series-title":"Human Factors in Aviation","first-page":"111","article-title":"Information processing","author":"Wickens","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib43","series-title":"Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine","author":"Wiener","year":"1948"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1243\/09544097JRRT78","article-title":"The railway as a socio-technical system: human factors at the heart of successful rail engineering","volume":"221","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. - Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.08.017","article-title":"A hybrid human and organizational analysis method for railway accidents based on HFACS-Railway Accidents (HFACS-RAs)","volume":"91","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."}],"container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687018307427?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687018307427?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T12:53:12Z","timestamp":1762087992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003687018307427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0003687018307427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6870"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6870","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A hybrid human and organisational analysis method for railway accidents based on STAMP-HFACS and human information processing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Ergonomics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}