{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:13:03Z","timestamp":1793319183899,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T05:38:20Z","timestamp":1652938700000},"page":"103800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The Exo4Work shoulder exoskeleton effectively reduces muscle and joint loading during simulated occupational tasks above shoulder height"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7770-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"van der Have","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0297-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Rodriguez-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Van Rossom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7611-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilse","family":"Jonkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.08.004","article-title":"Influences of different exoskeleton designs and tool mass on physical demands and performance in a simulated overhead drilling task","volume":"74","author":"Alabdulkarim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib2","first-page":"2018","article-title":"The interaction of force and repetition on musculoskeletal and neural tissue responses and sensorimotor behavior in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders REPROVADO","volume":"14","author":"Barbe","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskel. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib3","series-title":"Muscles Alive: Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography","author":"Basmajian","year":"1985"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2008.04.014","article-title":"Electromyographical manifestations of muscle fatigue during different levels of simulated light manual assembly work","volume":"19","author":"Bosch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-011-0290-6","article-title":"A Musculoskeletal model for the lumbar spine","volume":"11","author":"Christophy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib6","volume":"98","author":"De Bock","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1081988","article-title":"Exoskeletons for industrial application and their potential effects on physical work load","volume":"59","author":"de Looze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024","article-title":"OpenSim: open source to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement","volume":"54","author":"Delp","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib9","series-title":"OpenSim Documentation - Gait 2392 and 2354 Models","author":"Delp","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812449648","article-title":"Examining the interaction of force and repetition on musculoskeletal disorder risk: a systematic literature review","volume":"55","author":"Gallagher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2016.1208848","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders as a fatigue failure process: evidence, implications and research needs","volume":"60","author":"Gallagher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib12","volume":"9","author":"Govaerts","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib13","first-page":"139","article-title":"Development of NASA-TLX (task load index): results of emperical and theoretical research","volume":"52","author":"Hart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Elsevier Sci. Technol. Adv. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-3320-7","article-title":"A model of the upper extremity for simulating musculoskeletal surgery and analyzing neuromuscular control","volume":"33","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.009","article-title":"Evaluation of a passive exoskeleton for static upper limb activities","volume":"70","author":"Huysamen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kinematic and kinetic functional requirements for industrial exoskeletons for lifting tasks and overhead lifting","author":"Huysamen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib17","series-title":"Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders \u2013 Facts and Figures (Synthesis of 10 National Reports)","author":"Isusi","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib18","first-page":"189","article-title":"SUS: a \u2018quick and dirty\u2019 usability scale","volume":"480","author":"John","year":"1986","journal-title":"Usability Eval. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.025","article-title":"Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part I \u2013 \u2018Expected\u2019 effects on discomfort, shoulder muscle activity, and work task performance","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.024","article-title":"Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part II \u2013 \u2018Unexpected\u2019 effects on shoulder motion, balance, and spine loading","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.025","article-title":"Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part I \u2013 \u2018Expected\u2019 effects on discomfort, shoulder muscle activity, and work task performance","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72531-4","article-title":"Low-profile elastic exosuit reduces back muscle fatigue","volume":"10","author":"Lamers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2945368","article-title":"Objective and subjective effects of a passive exoskeleton on overhead work","volume":"28","author":"Maurice","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib24","series-title":"Experimental Evaluation of the Proto-MATE , a Novel Ergonomic Upper-Limb Exoskeleton for Reducing the Worker \u2019 S Physical Strain","author":"Pacifico","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib25","first-page":"246","article-title":"A comparison between three commercially available exoskeletons in the automotive industry: an electromyographic pilot study","author":"Pinho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE RAS EMBS Int. Conf. Biomed. Robot. Biomechatronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib26","unstructured":"Publications Office of the European Union, \u201cSixth European Working Conditions Survey - Overview Report (2017 Update),\u201d pp. 1\u2013164, 2017, doi: 10.2806\/422172."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2020.104186","article-title":"Automatic synthesis of arthrokinematically compatible exoskeletons. A case study on its application on a shoulder occupational exoskeleton","volume":"157","author":"Rossini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. Mach. Theor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib28","series-title":"Design and Evaluation of a Remotely Actuated Occupational Exoskeleton","author":"Rossini","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib29","first-page":"35","article-title":"Principle study about the effect of an industrial exoskeleton on overhead work","author":"Schmalz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103491","article-title":"Effects of load mass and position on the dynamic loading of the knees, shoulders and lumbar spine during lifting: a musculoskeletal modelling approach","volume":"96","author":"Skals","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931218621184","article-title":"Evaluation of an adjustable support shoulder exoskeleton on static and dynamic overhead tasks","volume":"62","author":"Van Engelhoven","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of a shoulder-support exoskeleton for overhead work: influences of peak torque amplitude, task, and tool mass","author":"Van Engelhoven","year":"2019","journal-title":"IISE Trans. Occup. Ergon. Hum. Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102478","article-title":"Effects of a passive upper extremity exoskeleton for overhead tasks","volume":"55","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."}],"container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687022001235?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687022001235?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T05:48:53Z","timestamp":1757742533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003687022001235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0003687022001235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6870"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6870","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Exo4Work shoulder exoskeleton effectively reduces muscle and joint loading during simulated occupational tasks above shoulder height","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Ergonomics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103800","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103800"}}