{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:53:05Z","timestamp":1792687985702,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101006798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101006798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T06:48:11Z","timestamp":1705128491000},"page":"104226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of antigravitational support levels provided by a passive upper-limb occupational exoskeleton in repetitive arm movements"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8664-3175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Ramella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4899-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Grazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Giovacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3725-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Trigili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8636-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Crea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.08.002","article-title":"Economic impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) on work in Europe","volume":"29","author":"Bevan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib2","series-title":"ESO-EAWS Certification. S01: Paexo Shoulder by Ottobock","author":"Caragnano","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/wtc.2021.11","article-title":"Occupational exoskeletons: a roadmap toward large-scale adoption. Methodology and challenges of bringing exoskeletons to workplaces","volume":"2","author":"Crea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wearable Technologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103903","article-title":"Passive shoulder exoskeleton support partially mitigates fatigue-induced effects in overhead work","volume":"106","author":"De Bock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1081988","article-title":"Exoskeletons for industrial application and their potential effects on physical work load","volume":"59","author":"de Looze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib6","article-title":"The effect of arm support exoskeletons in realistic work activities: a review study","volume":"9","author":"de Vries","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2019.1669736","article-title":"The amount of support provided by a passive arm support exoskeleton in a range of elevated arm postures","volume":"7","author":"de Vries","year":"2019","journal-title":"IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib8","series-title":"Atlas of Functional Shoulder Anatomy","author":"Di Giacomo","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib9","series-title":"Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Shoulder","author":"Eovaldi","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib10","series-title":"European Working Conditions Survey 2015","author":"Eurofound","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.7.494","article-title":"Shoulder impingement syndrome in relation to shoulder intensive work","volume":"56","author":"Frost","year":"1999","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8675","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3188402","article-title":"Kinematics-based adaptive assistance of a semi-passive upper-limb exoskeleton for workers in static and dynamic tasks","volume":"7","author":"Grazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Rob. Autom. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.3014408","article-title":"Design and experimental evaluation of a semi-passive upper-limb exoskeleton for workers with motorized tuning of assistance","volume":"28","author":"Grazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2014.12.018","article-title":"The effect of worker learning on manual order picking processes","volume":"170","author":"Grosse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib15","series-title":"Zentralblatt Fur Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders","author":"Hartmann","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4","article-title":"Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures","volume":"10","author":"Hermens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.009","article-title":"Evaluation of a passive exoskeleton for static upper limb activities","volume":"70","author":"Huysamen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2018.1551255","article-title":"A follow-up study of the effects of an arm support exoskeleton on physical demands and task performance during simulated overhead work","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.025","article-title":"Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part I \u2013 \u201cExpected\u201d effects on discomfort, shoulder muscle activity, and work task performance","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.024","article-title":"Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part II \u2013 \u201cUnexpected\u201d effects on shoulder motion, balance, and spine loading","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib22","series-title":"Work-related MSDs: Prevalence, Costs and Demographics in the EU (European Risk Observatory Executive Summary)","first-page":"1","author":"Kok","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.968636","article-title":"Effect of horizontal pick and place locations on shoulder kinematics","volume":"58","author":"K\u00f6nemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2598","article-title":"Risk factors for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Leong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.05.018","article-title":"Influence of a passive lower-limb exoskeleton during simulated industrial work tasks on physical load, upper body posture, postural control and discomfort","volume":"80","author":"Luger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(03)00083-8","article-title":"Standardized low-load repetitive work: evidence of different motor control strategies between experienced workers and a reference group","volume":"34","author":"Madeleine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2945368","article-title":"Objective and subjective effects of a passive exoskeleton on overhead work","volume":"28","author":"Maurice","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103591","article-title":"Level of exoskeleton support influences shoulder elevation, external rotation and forearm pronation during simulated work tasks in females","volume":"98","author":"McFarland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2022.858893","article-title":"Effects of upper-limb exoskeletons designed for use in the working environment\u2014a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Moeller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib30","series-title":"Occupational Exoskeletons: Wearable Robotic Devices and Preventing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Workplace of the Future","first-page":"1","author":"Monica","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib31","series-title":"Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter 2019 Annual Conference","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigating the effects of passive exoskeletons and familiarization protocols on arms-elevated tasks","author":"Moyon","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2019.2954105","article-title":"An experimental evaluation of the proto-mate: a novel ergonomic upper-limb exoskeleton to reduce workers' physical strain","volume":"27","author":"Pacifico","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103679","article-title":"Exoskeletons for workers: a case series study in an enclosures production line","volume":"101","author":"Pacifico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib35","first-page":"217","article-title":"Motion behavior and range of motion when using exoskeletons in manual assembly tasks","volume":"13","author":"Perez Luque","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.952682","article-title":"Ergonomic evaluation of a wearable assistive device for overhead work","volume":"57","author":"Rashedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234792","article-title":"Biomechanical and metabolic effectiveness of an industrial exoskeleton for overhead work","volume":"16","author":"Schmalz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.252","article-title":"Investigation into the applicability of a passive upper-limb exoskeleton in automotive industry","volume":"11","author":"Spada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.10.008","article-title":"Physiological consequences of using an upper limb exoskeleton during manual handling tasks","volume":"67","author":"Theurel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib40","series-title":"Design and Intended Use of a Passive Actuation Strategy for a Shoulder Supporting Exoskeleton. 2019 Wearable Robotics Association Conference","first-page":"7","author":"Van Engelhoven","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2019.1637799","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of a shoulder-support exoskeleton for overhead work: influences of peak torque amplitude, task, and tool mass","volume":"7","author":"Van Engelhoven","year":"2019","journal-title":"IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226_bib42","series-title":"Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement: Fourth Edition, Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement","author":"Winter","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687024000036?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687024000036?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T12:55:44Z","timestamp":1762088144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003687024000036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0003687024000036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6870"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6870","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of antigravitational support levels provided by a passive upper-limb occupational exoskeleton in repetitive arm movements","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Ergonomics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104226","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104226"}}