{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:14:17Z","timestamp":1790961257756,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T09:30:31Z","timestamp":1721122231000},"page":"104324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Robot-related injuries in the workplace: An analysis of OSHA Severe Injury Reports"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0661-0526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan E.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5159-0870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"\u015eener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2904-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen B.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b1","series-title":"WCX SAE World Congress Experience","article-title":"Testing of heavy truck advanced driver assistance systems and crash mitigation systems","author":"Austin","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.022301","article-title":"Associations between temporary employment and occupational injury: What are the mechanisms?","volume":"63","author":"Benavides","year":"2006","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02217-3","article-title":"Qualitative HCI research","author":"Blandford","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"issue":"September 2018","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.05.037","article-title":"Injury risk of interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints under impact loading","volume":"97","author":"Carpanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"February 2017","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.12.007","article-title":"Classification scheme and prevention measures for caught-in-between occupational fatalities","volume":"68","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2007.12.003","article-title":"In-depth accident analysis of electrical fatalities in the construction industry","volume":"39","author":"Chi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Measur."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X08317166","article-title":"Using pooled kappa to summarize interrater agreement across many items","volume":"20","author":"De Vries","year":"2008","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088302500310","article-title":"Human factors in consumer product accident investigation","volume":"25","author":"Drury","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343415572631","article-title":"Situation awareness misconceptions and misunderstandings","volume":"9","author":"Endsley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Eng. Decis. Mak."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690600500107","article-title":"Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development","volume":"5","author":"Fereday","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619","article-title":"Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters","volume":"76","author":"Fleiss","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"June","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b15","article-title":"Industrial robots, workers\u2019 safety, and health","volume":"78","author":"Gihleb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Labour Econ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000591","article-title":"Measuring outcomes and determining long-term disability after revision amputation for treatment of traumatic finger and thumb amputation injuries","volume":"134","author":"Giladi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plastic Reconstruct. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b17","series-title":"Grainger KnowHow","article-title":"Top 10 OSHA violations: 2020","author":"Grainger","year":"2021"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2017.12.018","article-title":"Back to the future: What do accident causation models tell us about accident prediction?","volume":"104","author":"Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2013.07.019","article-title":"How leaders differentially motivate safety compliance and safety participation: The role of monitoring, inspiring, and learning","volume":"60","author":"Griffin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193407087026","article-title":"The psychological impact of severe hand injury","volume":"33","author":"Grob","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg.: Eur. Vol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02765185","article-title":"Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry","volume":"30","author":"Guba","year":"1982","journal-title":"ECTJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b22","series-title":"Applied Thematic Analysis","author":"Guest","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.11.020","article-title":"Predicting safety behavior in the construction industry: Development and test of an integrative model","volume":"84","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b24","series-title":"Towards Safe Robots","first-page":"11","article-title":"Crash-testing in robotics","volume":"vol. 90","author":"Haddadin","year":"2014"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364909343970","article-title":"Requirements for safe robots: Measurements, analysis and new insights","volume":"28","author":"Haddadin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b26","series-title":"Record 293,000 Robots In United States\u2019 Factories","author":"Heer","year":"2020"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1080\/01691864.2019.1636714","article-title":"Human\u2013robot interaction in industrial collaborative robotics: A literature review of the decade 2008\u20132017","volume":"33","author":"Hentout","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Robot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22669","article-title":"Nonstandard work arrangements and worker health and safety","volume":"60","author":"Howard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b29","series-title":"Executive Summary World Robotics 2020 Industrial Robots","author":"IFR","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6349(87)90023-X","article-title":"A cause-and-effect analysis of robot accidents","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Occup. Accid."},{"issue":"104998","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b31","article-title":"Analysis of industrial accidents causing through jamming or crushing accidental deaths in the manufacturing industry in South Korea: Focus on non-routine work on machinery","volume":"133","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1080\/00423114.2019.1610182","article-title":"Trends in vehicle motion control for automated driving on public roads","volume":"57","author":"Klomp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.3041231","article-title":"Survey of human-robot collaboration in industrial settings: Awareness, intelligence, and compliance","volume":"51","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern.: Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"November 2022","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23470","article-title":"Robot-related fatalities at work in the United States, 1992\u20132017","author":"Layne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.005181","article-title":"Using narrative text and coded data to develop hazard scenarios for occupational injury interventions","volume":"10","author":"Lincoln","year":"2004","journal-title":"Injury Prevent."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-010-0057-8","article-title":"Safety of interactive robotics-learning from accidents","volume":"2","author":"Malm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b38","article-title":"Year one of OSHA\u2019s severe injury reporting program: An impact evaluation","author":"Michaels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Saf. Health Adm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b39","series-title":"Temporary Help Workers in the U.S. Labor Market, no. July 2015","author":"Nicholson","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b40","series-title":"The State of the National Initiative on Prevention through Design","author":"NIOSH","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b41","series-title":"FACE Investigations Make Recommendations to Improve the Safety of New Types of Robots","author":"NIOSH","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b42","series-title":"Intermediate Goal 6.3 (Injuries related to emerging technologies)","first-page":"125","author":"NIOSH","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b43","series-title":"Center for occupational robotics research","author":"NIOSH","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406917733847","article-title":"Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria","volume":"16","author":"Nowell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b45","series-title":"Lockout\/Tagout: OSHA Fact Sheet","author":"OSHA","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b46","series-title":"OSHA Standard Interpretation","author":"OSHA","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b47","series-title":"State Plans","author":"OSHA","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b48","series-title":"Severe Injury Reports","author":"OSHA","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b49","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2017.02.004","article-title":"Temporary jobs and the severity of workplace accidents","volume":"61","author":"Picchio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2014.2381368","article-title":"Lock your robot: A review of locking devices in robotics","volume":"22","author":"Plooij","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000136289.15303.44","article-title":"Life-altering outcomes after lower extremity injury sustained in motor vehicle crashes","volume":"57","author":"Read","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Trauma: Injury Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robelski, S., Wischniewski, S., 2016. Scoping Review on Human-Machine Interaction and Health and Safety at Work. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 9752, Toronto, ON, Canada, (ISSN: 03029743) pp. 337\u2013347. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-39399-5_32.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39399-5_32"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26754","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2773127","article-title":"Working together: A review on safe human-robot collaboration in industrial environments","volume":"5","author":"Robla-Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108557","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3099287","article-title":"Human-robot interaction review: Challenges and solutions for modern industrial environments","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez-Guerra","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X02239569","article-title":"Techniques to identify themes","volume":"15","author":"Ryan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6349(86)90027-1","article-title":"Robot-related fatality involving a U.S. manufacturing plant employee: Case report and recommendations","volume":"8","author":"Sanderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Occup. Accid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b58","series-title":"Machine Guarding Handbook: A Practical Guide to OSHA Compliance and Injury Prevention","first-page":"65","author":"Spellman","year":"1999"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b59","first-page":"17","article-title":"Life or death by robot?","volume":"24","author":"Stowers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ergon. Des."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03207.x","article-title":"Methodological rigour within a qualitative framework","volume":"48","author":"Tobin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b61","series-title":"Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual","author":"U.S. Department of Labor","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-102992","article-title":"Effectiveness of workplace interventions in the prevention of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms: An update of the evidence","volume":"73","author":"Van Eerd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b63","series-title":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","first-page":"197","article-title":"Safety issues in human-robot interactions","author":"Vasic","year":"2013"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2018.02.009","article-title":"Survey on human\u2013robot collaboration in industrial settings: Safety, intuitive interfaces and applications","volume":"55","author":"Villani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mechatronics"}],"container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687024001017?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687024001017?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T23:07:40Z","timestamp":1728083260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003687024001017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S0003687024001017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6870"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6870","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Robot-related injuries in the workplace: An analysis of OSHA Severe Injury Reports","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Ergonomics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104324","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104324"}}