{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T20:46:07Z","timestamp":1791751567052,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,1]],"date-time":"2027-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,1]],"date-time":"2027-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,1]],"date-time":"2027-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806537600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,1]],"date-time":"2027-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806537600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,1]],"date-time":"2027-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806537600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,1]],"date-time":"2027-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806537600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,1]],"date-time":"2027-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806537600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101006664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101006664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018687","name":"Volkswagen AG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:14:51Z","timestamp":1791652491000},"page":"104870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Observing passenger behavior and motion sickness development in autonomous vehicles \u2013 A driving study on public roads"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6488-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Koerber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0167-0713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Pham\u00a0Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3157-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Brietzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9093-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myriam","family":"Metzulat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3818-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Edelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5233-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2111-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Bullinger-Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib1","series-title":"Das Smartphone Wird Im Schnitt 2,5 Stunden Pro Tag Genutzt","author":"Bitkom","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2007.09.002","article-title":"A theory on visually induced motion sickness","volume":"29","author":"Bos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Displays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib3","series-title":"Kinetose Als Merkmal Der Mensch-Fahrzeug-Interaktion: Eine Untersuchung Im Stop-and-Go-Verkehr","author":"Brietzke","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10010-021-00441-6","article-title":"Influence of dynamic stimulation, visual perception and individual susceptibility to car sickness during controlled stop-and-go driving","volume":"85","author":"Brietzke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forsch. Im. Ingenieurwes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib5","series-title":"RECALL BIAS IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES","author":"Coughlin","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2019.08.002","article-title":"Public opinion about automated vehicles in Australia: results from a large-scale national survey","volume":"129","author":"Cunningham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Pol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-60477-5_1","article-title":"Activities that correlate with motion sickness in driving cars \u2013 an international online survey","volume":"14732","author":"Diederichs","year":"2024","journal-title":"HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems. Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.09.009","article-title":"Self-driving carsickness","volume":"53","author":"Diels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib9","series-title":"Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire Short-form (MSSQ-Short)","author":"Golding","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104389","article-title":"Comparison of different methods for categorizing the individual susceptibility to motion sickness \u2013 a carsickness study","volume":"122","author":"Hartmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib11","series-title":"Human Systems Engineering and Design II (Bd. 1026","first-page":"182","article-title":"Non-driving related activities in automated driving \u2013 an online survey investigating user needs","author":"Hecht","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib12","series-title":"Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (Bd. 1018","first-page":"28","article-title":"What do you do? An analysis of non-driving related activities during a 60 minutes conditionally automated highway drive","author":"Hecht","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2014.01.003","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of time-course development of motion sickness caused by in-vehicle video watching","volume":"35","author":"Isu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Displays"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4008-8","article-title":"Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting","volume":"232","author":"Lackner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-023-06603-y","article-title":"Measuring the susceptibility to visually induced motion sickness and its relationship with vertigo, dizziness, migraine, syncope and personality traits","volume":"241","author":"Lukacova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-30","article-title":"The Hawthorne effect: a randomised, controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"McCarney","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2025.104590","article-title":"Sick of being driven? \u2013 prevalence and modulating factors of carsickness in the European population in context of automated driving","volume":"129","author":"Metzulat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2024.06.002","article-title":"Does the visual input matter? Influence of non-driving related tasks on car sickness in an open road setting","volume":"104","author":"Metzulat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transport. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib19","first-page":"206","article-title":"Effects of reading books and watching movies on inducement of car sickness","volume":"1","author":"Morimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Congress Proceedings - Mobility Concepts, Man Machine Interface, Process Challenges, Virtual Reality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2020.07.015","article-title":"Using the UTAUT2 model to explain public acceptance of conditionally automated (L3) cars: a questionnaire study among 9,118 car drivers from eight European countries","volume":"74","author":"Nordhoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transport. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib21","series-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia","first-page":"91","article-title":"Investigating user needs for non-driving-related activities during automated driving","author":"Pfleging","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib22","author":"Pham Xuan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib23","series-title":"Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2020.03.012","article-title":"An international survey on the incidence and modulating factors of carsickness","volume":"71","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transport. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib25","series-title":"Survey of Public Opinion About Autonomous and Self-Driving Vehicles in the U.S., the U.K., and Australia","author":"Schoettle","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/tmb0000006","article-title":"Non-driving-related tasks during level 3 automated driving phases\u2013measuring what users will be likely to do","volume":"2","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technology, Mind, and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2023.11.621","article-title":"Do males and females prefer different non-driving related activities during automated driving?","volume":"72","author":"Torrao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2022.01.004","article-title":"Non-driving related tasks and journey types for future autonomous vehicle owners","volume":"85","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transport. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav."}],"container-title":["Applied Ergonomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687026001481?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003687026001481?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T19:57:59Z","timestamp":1791748679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003687026001481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,4]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0003687026001481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6870"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6870","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Observing passenger behavior and motion sickness development in autonomous vehicles \u2013 A driving study on public roads","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Ergonomics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2026.104870","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104870"}}