{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:06:09Z","timestamp":1775181969988,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Geochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T19:20:12Z","timestamp":1697916012000},"page":"105819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Geochemistry and mineralogy of legacy tailings under a composite cover"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1786-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aria","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff G.","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Schmall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol J.","family":"Ptacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Blowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(00)00483-X","article-title":"Carbonate-mineral\/water interactions in sulfide-rich mine tailings","volume":"64","author":"Al","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/es970810j","article-title":"Aqueous- and solid-phase biogeochemistry of a calcareous aquifer system downgradient from a municipal solid waste landfill (Winterthur, Switzerland)","volume":"32","author":"Amirbahman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib3","series-title":"Geo-Chicago 2016","first-page":"343","article-title":"Review of the reclamation techniques for acid-generating mine wastes upon closure of disposal sites","author":"Aubertin","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1139\/T09-050","article-title":"Analyses of water diversion along inclined covers with capillary barrier effects","volume":"46","author":"Aubertin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. Geotech. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib5","article-title":"User\u2019s Manual for WATEQ4F, with Revised Thermodynamic Data Base and Test Cases for Calculating Speciation of Minor, Trace and Redox Elements in Natural Waters","volume":"91-183","author":"Ball","year":"1991","journal-title":"US Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2021.11.007","article-title":"Sphalerite weathering and controls on Zn and Cd migration in mine waste rock: an integrated study from the molecular scale to the field scale","volume":"318","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib7","series-title":"The Giant Kidd Creek Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit, Western Abitibi Subprovince, Canada","first-page":"577","article-title":"Fe-Ti basalts, high silica rhyolites, and the role of magmatic heat in the genesis of the Kam-Kotia volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposit, western Abitibi subprovince, Canada","author":"Barrie","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2000.40.7","article-title":"Iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates from acid sulfate waters","volume":"40","author":"Bigham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Mineral. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-2927(90)90008-S","article-title":"The pore-water geochemistry and the mineralogy of the vadose zone of sulfide tailings, Waite Amulet, Quebec, Canada","volume":"5","author":"Blowes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib10","series-title":"Treatise on Geochemistry","first-page":"131","article-title":"The geochemistry of acid mine drainage","author":"Blowes","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib11","first-page":"86","article-title":"Chemical processes in abandoned sulfide tailings dumps and environmental implications for Northeastern New Brunswick","volume":"69","author":"Boorman","year":"1975","journal-title":"CIM. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-7041-7","article-title":"Arsenic mobility in weathered gold mine tailings under a low-organic soil cover","volume":"76","author":"DeSisto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00116-6","article-title":"Crystal chemical controls on the dissolution kinetics of the isostructural sulfates: celestite, anglesite, and barite","volume":"59","author":"Dove","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib14","series-title":"Surface Complexation Modeling: Hydrous Ferric Oxide","author":"Dzombak","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib53","article-title":"Seasonal hydrogeology and gas transport patterns in a composite cover on sulfide tailings","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. Geotech. J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib15","unstructured":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2021. Canadian climate normals 1981-2010 station data - Timmins victor power A. https:\/\/climate.weather.gc.ca\/climate_normals\/ (accessed 10 May 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib16","unstructured":"ESRF ID21, 2022. Database inorganic sulfur compounds. https:\/\/www.esrf.fr\/home\/UsersAndScience\/Experiments\/XNP\/ID21\/php.html (accessed 4 October. 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib17","series-title":"Kam Katia Tailings Reclamation Project, Detailed Hydrogeological Investigations Program 1983-1984. Prepared for Ontario Minsitry of the Environment","author":"Geologic Testing Consultants","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-197501000-00008","article-title":"Controls and consequences of sulfate reduction rates in recent marine sediments","volume":"119","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1975","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2006.06.006","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling acid neutralization and metal mobility within a Ni-rich tailings impoundment","volume":"21","author":"Gunsinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib20","series-title":"MEND Manitoba Workshop","article-title":"The ongoing rehabilitation of Ontario's Kam Kotia mine: an abandoned acid generating tailings site","author":"Hamblin","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/es00058a023","article-title":"Speciation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in contaminated aquifer sediments using chemical extraction techniques","volume":"28","author":"Heron","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00850-0","article-title":"Geochemical investigations of sulfide-bearing tailings at Kristineberg, northern Sweden, a few years after remediation","volume":"273","author":"Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2011.04.006","article-title":"Organic carbon amendments for passive in situ treatment of mine drainage: field experiments","volume":"26","author":"Lindsay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/339297a0","article-title":"Oxidation of aromatic contaminants coupled to microbial iron reduction","volume":"339","author":"Lovley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(79)90224-2","article-title":"Gibbsite solubility and thermodynamic properties of hydroxy-aluminum ions in aqueous solution at 25\u00b0C","volume":"43","author":"May","year":"1979","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib26","series-title":"61st Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 9th Joint CSG\/IAH-CNC Groundwater Conference,","article-title":"Oxygen monitoring in a cover with capillary barrier effects","author":"Mbonimpa","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/es991194p","article-title":"Influence of reduction reactions and solid-phase composition on porewater concentrations of arsenic","volume":"34","author":"McCreadie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib28","series-title":"Design, Construction and Performance Monitoring of Cover System for Waste Rock and Tailings","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2007.08.004","article-title":"Geochemical transport modelling of drainage from experimental mine tailings cells covered by capillary barriers","volume":"23","author":"Molson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.09.013","article-title":"Mine drainage from the weathering of sulfide minerals and magnetite","volume":"24","author":"Moncur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2004.09.019","article-title":"Release, transport and attenuation of metals from an old tailings impoundment","volume":"20","author":"Moncur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/430\/1\/012007","article-title":"Larch: an analysis package for XAFS and related spectroscopies","volume":"430","author":"Newville","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1139\/t89-001","article-title":"Reduction of acid generation in mine tailings through the use of moisture-retaining cover layers as oxygen barriers","volume":"26","author":"Nicholson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. Geotech. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib34","series-title":"Arsenic in Ground Water","first-page":"1","article-title":"Arsenic thermodynamic data and environmental geochemistry","author":"Nordstrom","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02846-19","article-title":"Performance of a geosynthetic-clay-liner cover system at a Cu\/Zn mine tailings impoundment","volume":"86","author":"Pakostova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2013.05.012","article-title":"Mobilization of arsenic from mine tailings through reductive dissolution of goethite influenced by organic cover","volume":"36","author":"Paktunc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib37","first-page":"6","article-title":"Description of input and examples for PHREEQC version 3: a computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations","author":"Parkhurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10230-006-0125-3","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of a composite cover overlaying a sulfidic tailings facility","volume":"25","author":"Patterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mine Water Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7722(94)00010-F","article-title":"The potential for metal release by reductive dissolution of weathered mine tailings","volume":"17","author":"Ribet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2005.08.004","article-title":"Acid volatile sulfide (AVS)","volume":"97","author":"Rickard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2006.61.12","article-title":"Sulfur isotope geochemistry of sulfide minerals","volume":"61","author":"Seal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Mineral. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib42","unstructured":"SENES Consultants Ltd., Lakefield Research Limited, ESG International Inc., Denison Environmental Services, 2000. Kam Kotia Mine Property Rehabilitation Study Phase I."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(02)00018-5","article-title":"A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters","volume":"17","author":"Smedley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1021\/es049358b","article-title":"X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis of arsenic species for application to biological environmental samples","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00413.x","article-title":"A new method for collecting core samples without a drilling rig","volume":"12","author":"Starr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib46","series-title":"Method 200.7: Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib47","series-title":"Method 200.8: Determination of Trace Elements in Waters and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib48","series-title":"Method 300.0: Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion Chromatography","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib49","series-title":"Notes from Kam Kotia Presentation","author":"van Huyssteen","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.21000\/JASMR94020138","article-title":"Field and laboratory performance of engineered covers on the waite amulet tailings","author":"Yanful","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings American Society of Mining and Reclamation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005187613503","article-title":"Soil covers for controlling acid generation in mine tailings: a laboratory evaluation of the physics and geochemistry","volume":"114","author":"Yanful","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.2410","article-title":"Use of alkaline extraction to quantify sulfate concentration in oxidized mine tailings","volume":"32","author":"Yin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."}],"container-title":["Applied Geochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883292723002640?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883292723002640?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:18:32Z","timestamp":1760120312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883292723002640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0883292723002640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-2927","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Geochemistry and mineralogy of legacy tailings under a composite cover","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Geochemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2023.105819","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105819"}}