{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:12:06Z","timestamp":1788455526957,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]],"date-time":"2019-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549065600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":397,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"name":"EPSCoR Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#IIA-1301792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#IIA-1301792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mountain West Clinical and Translational Research - Infrastructure Network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#1U54GM104944-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1U54GM104944-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#P20GM104420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#P20GM104420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Geography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T02:46:57Z","timestamp":1512528417000},"page":"272-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An exploration of the spatiotemporal and demographic patterns of Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in West Africa using open access data sources"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2640-1454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile A.","family":"Suchar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9288-8347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Bowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aran","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Wiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0524-z","article-title":"The 2014 ebola virus disease outbreak in Pujehun, Sierra Leone: Epidemiology and impact of interventions","volume":"13","author":"Ajelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib2","series-title":"Applied spatial data analysis with R","author":"Bivand","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v063.i18","article-title":"Comparing implementations of estimation methods for spatial econometrics","volume":"63","author":"Bivand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib4","volume":"Vol. 2015","author":"Brinkhoff","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib5","series-title":"An introduction to R for spatial analysis ans mapping","author":"Brunsdon","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0196-0","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and control of ebola virus disease (EVD): A review","volume":"12","author":"Chowell","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002057","article-title":"Characterizing the transmission dynamics and control of ebola virus disease","volume":"13","author":"Chowell","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.015","article-title":"Spatial modelling: A comprehensive framework for principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices (PCNM)","volume":"196","author":"Dray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"issue":"7650","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22040","article-title":"Virus genomes reveal factors that spread and sustained the Ebola epidemic","volume":"544","author":"Dudas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2017.05.034","article-title":"Modeling spatial invasion of ebola in West Africa","volume":"428","author":"D'Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518587113","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease and intervention effectiveness in Sierra Leone","volume":"113","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71075-8","article-title":"Chains of transmission and control of ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea, in 2014: An observational study","volume":"15","author":"Faye","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib13","series-title":"Tracing Ebola's breakout to an African 2-year-old","author":"Fink","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.2004.tb01127.x","article-title":"Constructing the spatial weights matrix using a local statistic","volume":"36","author":"Getis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geographical Analysis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2210.160097","article-title":"Daily reportable disease spatiotemporal cluster detection, New York city, New York, USA, 2014\u20132015","volume":"22","author":"Greene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib16","series-title":"Sub-national time series data on Ebola cases and deaths in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal and Mali since March 2014","author":"HDX","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib17","article-title":"Ebola virus outbreak investigation, Sierra Leone, September 28\u2013November 11, 2014","volume":"21","author":"Hui-Jun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib18","series-title":"Sierra Leone situation reports","author":"HumanitarianResponse","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib19","series-title":"Enquete demographique et de sante et a indicateurs multiples ( EDS-MICS 2012)","author":"INS","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib20","series-title":"Applied multivariate statistical analysis","author":"Johnson","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490612100206","article-title":"Use of a prospective space-time scan statistic to prioritize shigellosis case investigations in an urban jurisdiction","volume":"121","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2013-014","article-title":"ggmap: Spatial Visualization with ggplot2","volume":"5","author":"Kahle","year":"2013","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995","article-title":"A spatial scan statistic","volume":"26","author":"Kulldorff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib24","series-title":"SaTScanTM v9.0: Software for the spatial and space-time scan statistics","author":"Kulldorff","year":"2009"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.9.1377","article-title":"Evaluating cluster alarms: A spece-time scan statistic and brain cancer in Los Alamos, New Mexico","volume":"88","author":"Kulldorff","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614595114","article-title":"Spatial and temporal dynamics of superspreading events in the 2014\u20132015 West Africa Ebola epidemic","volume":"114","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib27","series-title":"Liberia demographic and health survey 2013","author":"LISGIS","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib28","series-title":"Vector autoregressive models","author":"Luetkepohl","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-14-7","article-title":"Using geovisual analytics in Google earth to understand disease distribution: A case study of campylobacteriosis in the Czech Republic (2008\u20132012)","volume":"14","author":"Marek","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03043.x","article-title":"Mortality of chagas' disease in Brazil: Spatial patterns and definition of high-risk areas","volume":"17","author":"Martins-Melo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib31","volume":"Vol. 657","author":"Mitze","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg412","article-title":"APE: Analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language","volume":"20","author":"Paradis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib33","series-title":"Analysis of integrated and cointegrated time series with R","author":"Pfaff","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v027.i04","article-title":"VAR, SVAR and SVEC Models: Implementation within R package vars","volume":"27","author":"Pfaff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib35","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib36","series-title":"How a people's science helped end an epidemic","author":"Richards","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib37","article-title":"Modeling the impact of interventions on an epidemic of ebola in Sierra Leone and Liberia","volume":"6","author":"Rivers","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Currents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib38","series-title":"PBSmapping: Mapping fisheries data and spatial analysis tools","author":"Schnute","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E41","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.130264","article-title":"Applying spatial analysis tools in public Health: An example using SaTScan to detect geographic targets for colorectal cancer screening interventions","volume":"11","author":"Sherman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Preventing Chronic Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib40","series-title":"Time series analysis and its applications. With R examples","author":"Shumway","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib41","series-title":"Sierra Leone demographic and health survey 2013","author":"SSL","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib42","series-title":"Demographic and health surveys (DHS) program","author":"USAID","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib49","article-title":"Notes on spatial econometric models","volume":"Vol. 870.03","author":"Viton","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib43","series-title":"Sierra Leone grapples with spike in Ebola numbers","author":"Westcott","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib44","volume":"Vol. 2016","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib45","series-title":"WHO | disease outbreak news (DONs)","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib46","volume":"Vol. 2015","author":"Wikipedia","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib47","series-title":"Ebola cases in West Africa may be vastly underreported, WHO says","author":"Zavis","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003_bib48","article-title":"Spatial determinants of ebola virus disease risk for the West African epidemic","volume":"9","author":"Zinszer","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Currents"}],"container-title":["Applied Geography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143622817300449?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143622817300449?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T20:55:29Z","timestamp":1758920129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0143622817300449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0143622817300449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-6228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-6228","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An exploration of the spatiotemporal and demographic patterns of Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in West Africa using open access data sources","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Geography","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}