{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:04:23Z","timestamp":1789470263811,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T07:08:19Z","timestamp":1733987299000},"page":"100124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Safety of repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanping","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruilin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4330-7841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaopeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huangdong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaidi","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Congdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingguang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000486","article-title":"Risk factors for myopia in 2 Hong Kong school systems: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001489","article-title":"Overview of the complications of high myopia","volume":"37","author":"Ikuno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000489","article-title":"China turns to school reform to control the myopia epidemic: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.6.7","article-title":"IMI 2023 Digest","volume":"64","author":"Sankaridurg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib6","article-title":"American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z80.36)","author":"ANSI","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laser Inst Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.10.002","article-title":"Longitudinal changes and predictive value of choroidal thickness for myopia control after repeated low-level red-light therapy","volume":"130","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.11.023","article-title":"Effect of Repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia control in children: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"129","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14149","article-title":"Sustained and rebound effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy on myopia control: a 2-year post-trial follow-up study","volume":"50","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.9612","article-title":"Effect of repeated low-level red light on myopia prevention among children in china with premyopia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.08.024","article-title":"Myopia control effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy in chinese children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial","volume":"130","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.03.036","article-title":"Efficacy of repeated low-level red-light therapy for slowing the progression of childhood myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"252","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.048","article-title":"Gender inequalities in surgery for bilateral cataract among children in low-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Gilbert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.032","article-title":"The risks and benefits of myopia control","volume":"128","author":"Bullimore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100923","article-title":"Efficacy in myopia control","volume":"83","author":"Brennan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib18","first-page":"119","article-title":"Approximate is better than \"exact\" for interval estimation of binomial proportions","volume":"52","author":"Agresti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1927.10502953","article-title":"Probable Inference, the Law of Succession, and Statistical Inference","volume":"22","author":"Wilson","year":"1927","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12677\/ACM.2022.12121593","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the efficacy of low-intensity single-wavelength red light instrument and acupuncture therapy for preventing and controlling myopia in adolescent children","volume":"12","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib21","article-title":"Jin X. Observation of the efficacy of repeated low-intensity red light irradiation on the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Sci Technol J Database Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib22","first-page":"727","article-title":"Efficacy of low\u2043level red light in young children with high myopia.","volume":"42","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Recent Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib23","article-title":"Efficacy of low-intensity red light on controlling the refractive growth of myopia in adolescents","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Sci Technol J Database Med Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib24","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of repeated low-intensity red light irradiation and 0.01% atropine eye drops on the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Eye Trauma Occup Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib25","first-page":"17","article-title":"Myopic axial length change with low-intensity laser light therapy","volume":"49","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glass Enamel Ophthalmic Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00671-7","article-title":"Axial shortening in myopic children after repeated low-level red-light therapy: post hoc analysis of a randomized trial","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8915867","article-title":"Orthokeratology and low-intensity laser therapy for slowing the progression of myopia in children","volume":"2021","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000618","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in choroidal structure following repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia control: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Xuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1159\/000527787","article-title":"Immediate effect in the retina and choroid after 650 nm low-level red light therapy in children","volume":"66","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib30","article-title":"The analysis of clinical trial of slowing the progression of myopiain children with low red laser","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glass Enamel Ophthalmic Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12939","article-title":"Low-intensity, long-wavelength red light slows the progression of myopia in children: an Eastern China-based cohort","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib32","article-title":"Analysis of the therapeutic effect of low energy red light on myopia in children and adolescents","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Sci Technol J Database Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib33","first-page":"132","article-title":"Effect of 650 nm semiconductor laser on juvenile myopia control","volume":"29","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.10.33","article-title":"Efficacy comparison of repeated low-level red light and low-dose atropine for myopia control: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05794-4","article-title":"Low-intensity red-light therapy in slowing myopic progression and the rebound effect after its cessation in Chinese children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"261","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00585-w","article-title":"Investigation of the Efficacy and safety of 650 nm low-level red light for myopia control in children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30500-7","article-title":"Photobiomodulation therapy retarded axial length growth in children with myopia: evidence from a 12-month randomized controlled trial evidence","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.08.020","article-title":"Efficacy of different powers of low-level red light in children for myopia control","volume":"131","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02762-7","article-title":"Six-month repeated irradiation of 650 nm low-level red light reduces the risk of myopia in children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00875-x","article-title":"The effects of repeated low-level red-light therapy on the structure and vasculature of the choroid and retina in children with premyopia","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1159\/000529819","article-title":"A study on the effectiveness of 650-nm red-light feeding instruments in the control of myopia","volume":"66","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13202","article-title":"Effect of red-light therapy on retinal and choroidal blood perfusion in myopic children","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib43","first-page":"100","article-title":"Influence of low\u2043intensity red light therapy on diopter changes, axial length and tear film rupture time in adolescent myopia patients.","volume":"39","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J North Sichuan Med Coll"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical effect of 650-nm low-level red light in conjunction with orthokeratology in myopia control","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Ophthalmol Shandong Univ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib45","article-title":"Effects of repeated low-level red-light therapy on macular retinal thickness and microvascular system in children with myopia","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photo Photo Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00644-2","article-title":"Clinically significant axial shortening in myopic children after repeated low-level red light therapy: a retrospective multicenter analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.1548","article-title":"Retinal damage after repeated low-level red-light laser exposure","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib48","first-page":"853","article-title":"Recovery of retinal structural damage after repeated low-intensity red light therapy for high myopia: a case report","volume":"41","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0816","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children","volume":"44","author":"Gwiazda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.332","article-title":"Randomized trial of effect of bifocal and prismatic bifocal spectacles on myopic progression two-year results","volume":"128","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181ea19c7","article-title":"Spectacle lenses designed to reduce progression of myopia: 12-month results","volume":"87","author":"Sankaridurg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6631","article-title":"Progressive-addition lenses versus single-vision lenses for slowing progression of myopia in children with high accommodative lag and near esophoria","volume":"52","author":"Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial 2 Study Group for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11462","article-title":"Myopia control with positively-aspherized progressive 2 addition lenses- a two-year, multicenter, randomized, controlled Trial","author":"Hasebe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0616-3","article-title":"Effect of spectacle lenses designed to reduce relative peripheral hyperopia on myopia progression in Japanese children: a 2-year multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Kanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313739","article-title":"Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial","volume":"104","author":"Lam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib56","first-page":"1171","article-title":"One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets","volume":"106","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.0401","article-title":"Spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets for myopia control vs single-vision spectacle lenses: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15649","article-title":"One-year myopia control efficacy of cylindrical annular refractive element spectacle lenses","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2021-321005","article-title":"Control of myopia using diffusion optics spectacle lenses: 12-month results of a randomised controlled, efficacy and safety study (CYPRESS)","volume":"107","author":"Rappon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib60","first-page":"180","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of atropine and cyclopentolate on myopia","volume":"21","author":"Yen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1999.15.85","article-title":"Effects of different concentrations of atropine on controlling myopia in myopic children","volume":"15","author":"Shih","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.062","article-title":"Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia","volume":"113","author":"Chua","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.031","article-title":"Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2)","volume":"119","author":"Chia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2016.03.005","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of atropine 1% in children with low myopia","volume":"20","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib65","article-title":"Atropine 0.5% eyedrops for the treatment of children with low myopia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.029","article-title":"Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% atropine eye drops in myopia control","volume":"126","author":"Yam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3820","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of low-dose atropine eyedrops for the treatment of myopia progression in Chinese children: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"138","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.12.011","article-title":"Two-year clinical trial of the Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: phase 2 report","volume":"127","author":"Yam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01708-2","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 0.02% and 0.01% atropine on controlling myopia progression: a 2-year clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-021-00822-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 0.01% atropine for prevention of childhood myopia in a 2-year randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"65","author":"Hieda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.01.026","article-title":"Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia in India: multicentric randomized trial","volume":"128","author":"Saxena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14148","article-title":"Low-concentration atropine eyedrops for myopia control in a multi-racial cohort of Australian children: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.002","article-title":"Three-year clinical trial of Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: continued versus washout: phase 3 report","volume":"129","author":"Yam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000609","article-title":"Atropine ophthalmic solution to reduce myopia progression in pediatric subjects: the randomized, double-blind multicenter phase II APPLE Study","volume":"12","author":"Chia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03177-9","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 0.01% and 0.1% low-dose atropine eye drop regimens for reduction of myopia progression in Danish children: a randomized clinical trial examining one-year effect and safety","volume":"23","author":"Hansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib76","article-title":"Five-year results of atropine 0.01% efficacy in the myopia control in a European population","author":"Moriche-Carretero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-321272","article-title":"Effect of atropine, orthokeratology and combined treatments for myopia control: a 2-year stratified randomised clinical trial","volume":"107","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.24162","article-title":"Effect of low-concentration atropine eyedrops vs placebo on myopia incidence in children: the LAMP2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"329","author":"Yam","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10565","article-title":"Retardation of myopia in Orthokeratology (ROMIO) study: a 2-year randomized clinical trial","volume":"53","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318293657d","article-title":"High myopia\u2013partial reduction Ortho-k a 2-year randomized study","author":"Charm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69710-8","article-title":"Efficacy of combined orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine solution for slowing axial elongation in children with myopia: a 2-year randomised trial","volume":"10","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12722","article-title":"One-year results of 0.01% atropine with orthokeratology (AOK) study: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12834","article-title":"One-year results of the Variation of Orthokeratology Lens Treatment Zone (VOLTZ) Study: a prospective randomised clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14911","article-title":"Control of myopia using orthokeratology lenses in Scandinavian children aged 6 to 12 years. Eighteen-month data from the Danish Randomized Study: Clinical study Of Near-sightedness; TReatment with Orthokeratology Lenses (CONTROL study)","volume":"100","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.12.1760","article-title":"A randomized trial of the effects of rigid contact lenses on myopia progression","author":"Walline","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000773","article-title":"Soft Contact Lenses with Positive Spherical Aberration for Myopia Control","volume":"93","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001410","article-title":"A 3-year randomized clinical trial of MiSight lenses for myopia control","volume":"96","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10834","article-title":"Effect of high add power, medium add power, or single-vision contact lenses on myopia progression in children: the BLINK randomized clinical trial","volume":"324","author":"Walline","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13077","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a soft contact lens to control myopia progression","volume":"104","author":"Garcia-Del Valle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001902","article-title":"Ocular and nonocular adverse events during 3 years of soft contact lens wear in children","volume":"99","author":"Gaume Giannoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060161","article-title":"Afterimage of perceptually filled-in surface","volume":"293","author":"Shimojo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib92","first-page":"599","article-title":"Expert consensus on repeated low-level red-light as an alternative treatment for childhood myopia (2022)","volume":"40","author":"Expert workgroup of expert consensus on repeated low-level red-light as an alternative treatment for childhood myopia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.002","article-title":"The incidence of contact lens-related microbial keratitis in Australia","volume":"115","author":"Stapleton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e346","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14283","article-title":"Safety of soft contact lenses in children: retrospective review of six randomized controlled trials of myopia control","volume":"98","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13082","article-title":"Contact lens-related corneal infection in Australia","volume":"103","author":"Stapleton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001664","article-title":"American Academy of Optometry Microbial Keratitis Think Tank","volume":"98","author":"Szczotka-Flynn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31829cac92","article-title":"The risk of microbial keratitis with overnight corneal reshaping lenses","volume":"90","author":"Bullimore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.016","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 8 atropine concentrations for myopia control in children: a network meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Ha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.1091","article-title":"Efficacy and adverse effects of atropine in childhood myopia: a meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.104","article-title":"Myopia, spectacle wear, and risk of bicycle accidents among rural Chinese secondary school students: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study report no. 7","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162098924001440?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162098924001440?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T01:37:48Z","timestamp":1734658668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2162098924001440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2162098924001440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-0989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-0989","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Safety of repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100124","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100124"}}