{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:43:43Z","timestamp":1791848623590,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:21:16Z","timestamp":1740442876000},"page":"100163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Drug delivery systems in glaucoma \u2013 Current innovations and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3557-2971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayne S.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina T.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib2","first-page":"323","article-title":"The global impact of glaucoma","volume":"72","author":"Thylefors","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.04.002","article-title":"Mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell injury and defense in glaucoma","volume":"91","author":"Qu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.10.1268","article-title":"Reduction of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression: results from the early manifest glaucoma trial","volume":"120","author":"Heijl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib5","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Current management of glaucoma and the need for complete therapy","volume":"14","author":"McKinnon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2020.1795130","article-title":"Current and new pharmacotherapeutic approaches for glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Shalaby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.08.002","article-title":"Adherence and persistence with glaucoma therapy","volume":"53","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.024","article-title":"A comprehensive perspective on patient adherence to topical glaucoma therapy","volume":"116","author":"Tsai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2024.2322048","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities with the potential to increase the risk of nonadherence to topical ocular hypotensive medication in patients with open-angle glaucoma","volume":"40","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-023-02516-9","article-title":"Ocular drug delivery: a comprehensive review","volume":"24","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318237c6c4","article-title":"Patient acceptance and attitude toward an alternative method of subconjunctival injection for the medical treatment of glaucoma","volume":"22","author":"Chong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib12","unstructured":"Goldberg DF, Williams R. A Phase 2 Study Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of the Latanoprost Punctal Plug Delivery System (L-PPDS) in Subjects With Ocular Hypertension (OH) or Open-Angle Glaucoma (OAG). Vol 53; 2012. 5095. [In:]."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.04.026","article-title":"Six-month intraocular pressure reduction with a topical bimatoprost ocular insert","volume":"123","author":"Brandt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib14","series-title":"Platform Technology Transforming Ocular Drug Delivery","author":"Thompson","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S102181","article-title":"Feasibility study of sustained-release travoprost punctum plug for intraocular pressure reduction in an Asian population","volume":"10","author":"Perera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib16","unstructured":"Notman D, Brinzey C, Corning S. Ocular TherapeutixTM Announces Topline Results of Phase 3 Clinical Trial of OTX-TP for the Treatment of Glaucoma; Published online May 20, 2019. \u3008https:\/\/investors.ocutx.com\/node\/9461\/pdf\u3009. [Accessed 23 November 2024]."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-014-0196-9","article-title":"Nanomedicine for glaucoma: sustained release latanoprost offers a new therapeutic option with substantial benefits over eyedrops","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib18","unstructured":"Salerno-Robin A. SpyGlass Pharma Presents Promising 18-month Data of its Innovative Drug Delivery Platform Implanted During Routine Cataract Surgery in Eyes with Glaucoma. In: Eyecelerator Ophthalmic Innovation Conference. BioSpace; 2024. \u3008https:\/\/www.biospace.com\/press-releases\/spyglass-pharma-presents-promising-18-month-data-of-its-innovative-drug-delivery-platform-implanted-during-routine-cataract-surgery-in-eyes-with-glaucoma\u3009. [Accessed 20 November 2024]."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib19","article-title":"The evolution and current landscape of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries: a review","volume":"16","author":"Cheema","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2018.0067","article-title":"Intracameral sustained-release bimatoprost implant delivers bimatoprost to target tissues with reduced drug exposure to off-target tissues","volume":"35","author":"Seal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharm Ther J Assoc Ocul Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01248-0","article-title":"24-Month phase i\/ii clinical trial of bimatoprost sustained-release implant (bimatoprost SR) in glaucoma patients","volume":"80","author":"Craven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.018","article-title":"Phase 3, randomized, 20-month study of bimatoprost implant in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (ARTEMIS 1)","volume":"127","author":"Medeiros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01624-9","article-title":"Phase 3, randomized, 20-month study of the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost implant in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (ARTEMIS 2)","volume":"81","author":"Bacharach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.3.15","article-title":"Proposed mechanism of long-term intraocular pressure lowering with the bimatoprost implant","volume":"64","author":"Stamer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib25","unstructured":"Prescribing Information for Durysta\u00ae (bimatoprost intracameral implant) for Intracameral Administration; Published online October 2024. \u3008https:\/\/www.rxabbvie.com\/pdf\/durysta_pi.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00898-y","article-title":"Travoprost intracameral implant for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: 12-month results of a randomized, double-masked trial","volume":"13","author":"Sarkisian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib27","unstructured":"Szekely G, Katz LJ, Voskanyan LA, et al. Travoprost intraocular implant (iDose\u00ae TR) delivers therapeutically relevant and durable aqueous humor drug concentrations at 24 months and demonstrates safety of repeat implant administration. Vol. 65; 2024. 1913. [In:]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib28","unstructured":"Glaukos. Prescribing Information for iDose TR; Published online December 2023. \u3008https:\/\/www.glaukos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/iDose-TR-Prescribing-Information.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib29","first-page":"51","article-title":"Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy in latanoprost users","volume":"9","author":"Nakakura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol Auckl Nz"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00527-6","article-title":"Single administration of intracameral bimatoprost implant 10 \u00b5g in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Medeiros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib31","unstructured":"Allergan. WAC pricing and generic prescription drug disclosure as required by Colorado Revised Statutes 12-42.5-308; Published online June 2020. \u3008https:\/\/media.allergan.com\/actavis\/actavis\/media\/allergan-pdf-documents\/colorado\/CO-WAC-DURYSTA-010121.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib32","unstructured":"Glaukos. Glaukos Announces FDA Approval of iDose\u00aeTR (travoprost intracameral implant); Published online December 14, 2023. \u3008https:\/\/investors.glaukos.com\/investors\/news\/news-details\/2023\/Glaukos-Announces-FDA-Approval-of-iDoseTR-travoprost-intracameral-implant\/default.aspx\u3009."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.04.018","article-title":"Comparison of United States and international ophthalmic drug pricing","volume":"126","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib34","unstructured":"X. Repka M. Durysta Step Therapy; Published online 2018. \u3008https:\/\/www.aao.org\/Assets\/cfe292a8-07a7-4f89-8c28-1bee16ac7bec\/637378486342000000\/durysta-step-therapy-10-07-final-pdf\u3009. [Accessed 18 January 2025]."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-4726","article-title":"Gene therapy for inherited retinal diseases","volume":"9","author":"Nuzbrokh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"R1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R21","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx184","article-title":"Genetics of glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Wiggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000001025","article-title":"Genes as drugs for glaucoma: latest advances","volume":"35","author":"Borr\u00e1s","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.2.34","article-title":"Altered iris aquaporin expression and aqueous humor osmolality in glaucoma","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.12.012","article-title":"Gene therapy for glaucoma by ciliary body aquaporin 1 disruption using CRISPR-Cas9","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50050-4","article-title":"CRISPR-CasRx-mediated disruption of Aqp1\/Adrb2\/Rock1\/Rock2 genes reduces intraocular pressure and retinal ganglion cell damage in mice","volume":"15","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6262","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176262","article-title":"Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells with AAV2-BDNF pretreatment restoring normal TrkB receptor protein levels in glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"W\u00f3jcik-Gryciuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8876","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168876","article-title":"AAV-NDI1 therapy provides significant benefit to murine and cellular models of glaucoma","volume":"25","author":"Millington-Ward","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib43","first-page":"799","article-title":"Adeno-associated virus mediated SOD gene therapy protects the retinal ganglion cells from chronic intraocular pressure elevation induced injury via attenuating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0012-9","article-title":"Adeno-associated virus vector as a platform for gene therapy delivery","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0213-0","article-title":"Association between aquaporin-1 and endurance performance: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Rivera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.03.018","article-title":"Target specific tumor treatment by VEGF siRNA complexed with reducible polyethyleneimine\u2013hyaluronic acid conjugate","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib47","article-title":"Nanomedicine in glaucoma treatment; current challenges and future perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Iqbal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1553","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of patisiran, the first approved RNA interference therapy in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201303201","article-title":"Layer-by-layer nanoparticles as an efficient siRNA delivery vehicle for SPARC silencing","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small Weinh Bergstr Ger"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-311937","article-title":"Targeted therapy for the post-operative conjunctiva: SPARC silencing reduces collagen deposition","volume":"102","author":"Seet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-021-00854-4","article-title":"Phase-separating peptides for direct cytosolic delivery and redox-activated release of macromolecular therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Chem"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450115666140804124808","article-title":"Safety of nanoparticles in medicine","volume":"16","author":"Wolfram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2021.1872542","article-title":"Liposomes as vehicles for topical ophthalmic drug delivery and ocular surface protection","volume":"18","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/863734","article-title":"Recent applications of liposomes in ophthalmic drug delivery","volume":"2011","author":"Mishra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.03.024","article-title":"Manufacturing challenges and rational formulation development for AAV viral vectors","volume":"110","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.144","article-title":"Complex coacervation: principles, mechanisms and applications in microencapsulation","volume":"121","author":"Timilsena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162098925000301?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162098925000301?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T08:59:52Z","timestamp":1742288392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2162098925000301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2162098925000301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-0989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-0989","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Drug delivery systems in glaucoma \u2013 Current innovations and future perspectives","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100163","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100163"}}