{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:21:45Z","timestamp":1792552905756,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":268,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T17:10:40Z","timestamp":1741194640000},"page":"100180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Updates on medical and surgical managements of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yen-Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant V.","family":"Radke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohani","family":"Amarasekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6911-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan-Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny S.C.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4303-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod","family":"Bhende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobhit","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enne","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiulan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaochong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiquan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paisan","family":"Ruamviboonsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis S.C.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy in the asia-pacific","volume":"7","author":"Chua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2171","article-title":"Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis from 1990 to 2010","volume":"39","author":"Leasher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2007.S84","article-title":"Retinopathy in diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Fong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.01.004","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in various ethnic groups: a worldwide perspective","volume":"57","author":"Sivaprasad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62124-3","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"376","author":"Cheung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-021-01411-6","article-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetic Retinopathy Monitoring and Treatment","volume":"21","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Projection of Burden through 2045: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Teo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000525","article-title":"Patients Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Eye Screening","volume":"11","author":"Yap","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib9","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for retinal diseases","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib10","article-title":"Latest developments of generative artificial intelligence and applications in ophthalmology","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000583","article-title":"Application of artificial intelligence in precision medicine for diabetic macular edema","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000391","article-title":"Challenges in Eye Care in the Asia-Pacific Region","volume":"10","author":"Yusufu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib13","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of vision impairment in elderly Chinese people living in suburban Shanghai","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib14","article-title":"Transition probabilities of diabetic retinopathy and death in an Asian population with diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Seshasai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","article-title":"Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"35","author":"Yau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"366","author":"Antonetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31193-5","volume":"389","author":"Sivaprasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Writing Committee for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, Gross J.G., Glassman A.R., et al. Panretinal photocoagulation vs intravitreous ranibizumab for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314:2137-2146. doi:10.1001\/jama.2015.15217.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15217"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib19","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Five-year outcomes of panretinal photocoagulation vs intravitreous ranibizumab for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A Randomized clinical trial","volume":"136","author":"Gross","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01548-y","article-title":"Intravitreal ranibizumab alone or in combination with panretinal photocoagulation for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with coexistent macular edema: long-term outcomes of a prospective study","volume":"57","author":"Chatziralli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310316","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in China: a multi-hospital-based cross-sectional study","volume":"101","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2016.1264612","article-title":"Awareness, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among adults with known type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban community in China","volume":"24","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6513076","article-title":"The Status of maculopathy in diabetes and prediabetes patients in a population-based study detected by optical coherence tomography: the 2011 health examination survey in Beijing","volume":"2017","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib24","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes in the rural area of Shanghai","volume":"60","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2020.1755444","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among adult Chinese in Hong Kong - The Hong Kong eye study","volume":"27","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307382","article-title":"Systematic screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Hong Kong: prevalence of DR and visual impairment among diabetic population","volume":"100","author":"Lian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4103\/meajo.MEAJO_65_18","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients presenting to a tertiary eye hospital in Nepal","volume":"26","author":"Paudyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib28","first-page":"2109","article-title":"Pattern and risk factors of retinal diseases among an elderly population in Nepal: the Bhaktapur retina study","volume":"14","author":"Thapa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02361.x","article-title":"Diabetic eye disease among adults in Fiji with self-reported diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Brian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2013.809770","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk indicators of retinopathy in a rural Bangladeshi population with and without diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Akhter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.10.026","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy: the Singapore epidemiology of eye diseases study","volume":"125","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.01.023","article-title":"Increased burden of vision impairment and eye diseases in persons with chronic kidney disease - A population-based study","volume":"5","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.02.004","article-title":"The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Australian adults with self-reported diabetes: the national eye health survey","volume":"124","author":"Keel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12338","article-title":"Review of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in indigenous Australians","volume":"42","author":"Kaidonis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-100","article-title":"Prevalence of retinopathy among adults with self-reported diabetes mellitus: the Sri Lanka diabetes and cardiovascular study","volume":"14","author":"Katulanda","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib36","first-page":"78","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy at first presentation to the retinal screening service in the greater Wellington region of New Zealand 2006-2015, and implications for models of retinal screening","volume":"130","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000464","article-title":"Risk factors for progression to referable diabetic eye disease in people with diabetes mellitus in Auckland, New Zealand: A 12-year retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.06.019","article-title":"Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Blindness in Indonesian Adults With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"181","author":"Sasongko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.09.017","article-title":"The prevalence of diabetes complications and associated risk factors in Pacific Islands countries","volume":"103","author":"ST","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.178144","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India: the all India ophthalmological society diabetic retinopathy eye screening study 2014","volume":"64","author":"Gadkari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2013-000005","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in rural India. Sankara nethralaya diabetic retinopathy epidemiology and molecular genetic study III","volume":"2","author":"Raman","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2021.1907846","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-based prevalence of diabetic macular edema and its associated risk factors in urban south India: A population-based study","volume":"29","author":"Pradhana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1310_21","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopahty in India: results from the national survey 2015-19","volume":"69","author":"Vashist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2017.1290258","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in urban slums: the aditya jyot diabetic retinopathy in urban mumbai slums study-report 2","volume":"24","author":"Sunita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12655","article-title":"Trends in diabetic retinopathy and related medical practices among type 2 diabetes patients: results from the national insurance service survey 2006-2013","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.11.19","article-title":"Descriptive assessment on diabetic retinopathy screening in an awareness programme in Malaysia","volume":"13","author":"Ngah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.07.027","article-title":"Diabetes-related kidney, eye, and foot disease in Taiwan: An analysis of nationwide data from 2005 to 2014","volume":"118","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245801","article-title":"National trends in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes and its associated factors from 2014 to 2018","volume":"16","author":"Euswas","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.01.009","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic macular edema based on optical coherence tomography in people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Im","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib50","first-page":"408","article-title":"Epidemiology of Diabetes in Adults Aged 35 and Older from Shanghai, China","volume":"29","author":"Ruan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0847-1","article-title":"Adiposity, inflammation and hyperglycaemia in rural and urban Indian men: Coronary Risk of Insulin Sensitivity in Indian Subjects (CRISIS) Study","volume":"51","author":"Yajnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib52","article-title":"Impact of migration and acculturation on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and related eye complications in Indians living in a newly urbanised society","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.014","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Singapore Malay Eye Study","volume":"115","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001288","article-title":"Group AS, Group AES, Chew EY. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes","volume":"363","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.10.023","article-title":"Biologic risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study","volume":"114","author":"Varma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib56","first-page":"589","article-title":"Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors","volume":"22","author":"Wat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib57","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk profiles associated with chronic complications in overweight and obese type 2 diabetes patients in South China","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.2.245","article-title":"Risk factors for incident retinopathy in a diabetic and nondiabetic population: the Hoorn study","volume":"121","author":"HA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002529","article-title":"Association between plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and microvascular kidney disease and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a global case-control study in 13 countries","volume":"129","author":"Sacks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib60","article-title":"Prevalence and Cardiovascular Associations of Diabetic Retinopathy and Maculopathy: Results from the Gutenberg Health Study","volume":"10","author":"Raum","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14796","article-title":"Associations between diabetic retinopathy and modifiable risk factors: An umbrella review of meta-analyses","volume":"39","author":"Trott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.08.063","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic cohort in the United States","volume":"141","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.12.008","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in Asian Indians with young onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Rajalakshmi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib64","article-title":"The association between chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-014-0675-4","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy and renal function in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0628","article-title":"Rate and determinants of association between advanced retinopathy and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian multicenter study","volume":"35","author":"Penno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149448","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Rodriguez-Poncelas","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1111","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008","volume":"304","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051594","article-title":"UKPDS 50: risk factors for incidence and progression of retinopathy in Type II diabetes over 6 years from diagnosis","volume":"44","author":"Stratton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12908","article-title":"Myopia and\/or longer axial length are protective against diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12760","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy: a review","volume":"44","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.8.1084","article-title":"Diabetes C, Complications Trial Research G. Effect of pregnancy on microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial","volume":"23","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.6.1615","article-title":"The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism","volume":"54","author":"Brownlee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12089","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: pathogenesis, clinical grading, management and future developments","volume":"30","author":"Heng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib75","article-title":"Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathophysiology and Treatments","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.03.024","article-title":"Diabetic Macular Edema: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapeutic Targets","volume":"122","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0812-9","article-title":"Biomarkers of Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"16","author":"Ting","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48452-7.00004-4","article-title":"Imaging in Diabetic Retinopathy","author":"Baumal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Manag Diabet Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs--an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report number 10. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:786-806. PMID: 2062513.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38012-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.02.004","article-title":"Single-field fundus photography for diabetic retinopathy screening: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","volume":"111","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.12.025","article-title":"Comparison of nonmydriatic digital retinal imaging versus dilated ophthalmic examination for nondiabetic eye disease in persons with diabetes","volume":"113","author":"Chow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01522-2","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of single-field nonmydriatic monochromatic digital fundus photography with remote image interpretation for diabetic retinopathy screening: a comparison with ophthalmoscopy and standardized mydriatic color photography","volume":"134","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0566-0","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for diabetic retinopathy screening: a review","volume":"34","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100552","article-title":"Comparative analysis of vision transformers and conventional convolutional neural networks in detecting referable diabetic retinopathy","volume":"4","author":"Goh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib85","article-title":"Latest developments of generative artificial intelligence and applications in ophthalmology","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06555-x","article-title":"A foundation model for generalizable disease detection from retinal images","volume":"622","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.TJO-D-24-00064","article-title":"Discriminative, generative artificial intelligence, and foundation models in retina imaging","volume":"14","author":"Ruamviboonsuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00691-3","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for diabetic retinopathy screening using color retinal photographs: from development to deployment","volume":"12","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.24.1.82","article-title":"A method of photographing fluorescence in circulating blood in the human retina","volume":"24","author":"Novotny","year":"1961","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S133637","article-title":"Ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography in diabetic retinopathy: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Rabiolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00033-1","article-title":"Patterns of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography","volume":"127","author":"Otani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.152553","article-title":"Optical coherence tomographic patterns in diabetic macular oedema: prediction of visual outcome after focal laser photocoagulation","volume":"93","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.2350","article-title":"Disorganization of the retinal inner layers as a predictor of visual acuity in eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema","volume":"132","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12557","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of disorganization of the retinal inner layers in detecting macular capillary non-perfusion in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"43","author":"Nicholson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3616","article-title":"Retinal vascular layers imaged by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"133","author":"Spaide","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000882","article-title":"Detection of Microvascular Changes in Eyes of Patients with Diabetes but Not Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"35","author":"TE","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160126-02","article-title":"Distinguishing Diabetic Macular Edema From Capillary Nonperfusion Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"47","author":"TE","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.5877","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"135","author":"Ting","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1677-1682.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.04.007","article-title":"Guidelines on Diabetic Eye Care: The international council of ophthalmology recommendations for screening, follow-up, referral, and treatment based on resource settings","volume":"125","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1006524","article-title":"Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"364","author":"Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)06209-0","article-title":"Effect of lisinopril on progression of retinopathy in normotensive people with type 1 diabetes. The EUCLID Study Group. EURODIAB Controlled Trial of Lisinopril in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"351","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00213.x","article-title":"Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes","volume":"61","author":"Schrier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70256-6","article-title":"Effects of RAS inhibitors on diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib106","article-title":"Hypertension, blood pressure control and diabetic retinopathy in a large population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61607-9","article-title":"Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"370","author":"Keech","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2400179","article-title":"Effect of Fenofibrate on Progression of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"3","author":"Preiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.6399","article-title":"Association of statin therapy with prevention of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy","volume":"137","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib110","first-page":"287","article-title":"Effects of lipid-lowering agents on diabetic retinopathy: a Meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.05.029","article-title":"Lipid-lowering medications are associated with lower risk of retinopathy and ophthalmic interventions among united states patients with diabetes","volume":"207","author":"Vail","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-018-0357-z","article-title":"Factors associated with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the Japan Diabetes Complication and its Prevention prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233595","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab 0.5 mg in treatment-naive patients with diabetic macular edema: Results from the real-world global LUMINOUS study","volume":"15","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300654","article-title":"Aflibercept (VEGF Trap-eye): the newest anti-VEGF drug","volume":"96","author":"Stewart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000504753","article-title":"One-year results of treatment of diabetic macular edema with aflibercept using the treat-and-extend dosing regimen: the VIBIM Study","volume":"243","author":"Pak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.001","article-title":"Longitudinal panretinal leakage and ischemic indices in retinal vascular disease after aflibercept therapy: The PERMEATE Study","volume":"4","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.012","article-title":"Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Intravitreal Aflibercept: The AQUA Study","volume":"3","author":"Garweg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.03.021","article-title":"Five-Year Outcomes after Initial Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema (Protocol T Extension Study","volume":"127","author":"Glassman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.6565","article-title":"Persistent macular thickening following intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for central-involved diabetic macular edema with vision impairment: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"136","author":"Bressler","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v16i4.9757","article-title":"Side effects of brolucizumab","volume":"16","author":"Motevasseli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.04.017","article-title":"HAWK and HARRIER: phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trials of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"127","author":"Dugel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000602","article-title":"Review on the safety and efficacy of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration from major studies and real-world data","volume":"12","author":"Radke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.01.004","article-title":"KESTREL and KITE: 52-week results from two phase iii pivotal trials of brolucizumab for diabetic macular edema","volume":"238","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.03.023","article-title":"Simultaneous Inhibition of angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-a with faricimab in diabetic macular edema: BOULEVARD phase 2 randomized trial","volume":"126","author":"Sahni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00018-6","article-title":"Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials","volume":"399","author":"Wykoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S381503","article-title":"Faricimab for treatment-resistant diabetic macular edema","volume":"16","author":"Rush","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib127","unstructured":"Hoffmann-La Roche. A Multicenter, Open-Label Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Faricimab in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema. clinicaltrials.gov; 2023. Accessed January 1, 2023. \u3008https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04432831\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02675-y","article-title":"Comparative efficacy, durability and safety of faricimab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Watkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.04.003","article-title":"Treat-and-extend versus alternate dosing strategies with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents to treat center involving diabetic macular edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 2,346 eyes","volume":"67","author":"Sarohia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.6565","article-title":"Persistent macular thickening following intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for central-involved diabetic macular edema with vision impairment: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"136","author":"Bressler","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.04.024","article-title":"Three-year, randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with diabetic macular edema","volume":"121","author":"Boyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000455235","article-title":"Open-label, multicenter, phase 4 pilot study on the effect and safety of ILUVIEN(R) in chronic diabetic macular edema patients considered insufficiently responsive to available therapies (RESPOND)","volume":"57","author":"Figueira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4103\/kjo.kjo_18_17","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Razumab \u2013 The new biosimilar in India: Our experience","volume":"28","author":"Sameera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kerala J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00463-5","article-title":"Comparison of innovator vs. biosimilar ranibizumab in treating diabetic macular edema: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib135","article-title":"Phase 1 Study of THR-687, a novel, highly potent integrin antagonist for the treatment of diabetic macular edema","volume":"1","author":"Arshad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib136","first-page":"59","article-title":"Randomized, prospective, double-masked, controlled phase 2b trial to evaluate the safety & efficacy of ALG-1001 (Luminate\u00ae) in diabetic macular edema","author":"Quiroz-Mercado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000458539","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of diabetic macular edema by the european society of retina specialists (EURETINA)","volume":"237","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.015","article-title":"Effect of baseline subretinal fluid on treatment outcomes in VIVID-DME and VISTA-DME Studies","volume":"3","author":"Korobelnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002196","article-title":"Dexamethasone implant for diabetic macular edema in naive compared with refractory eyes: the international retina group real-life 24-month multicenter study. the irgrel-dex study","volume":"39","author":"Iglicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.017","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema: 100-week results from the VISTA and VIVID studies","volume":"122","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.032","article-title":"Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema: 148-Week Results from the VISTA and VIVID studies","volume":"123","author":"Heier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7585","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147585","article-title":"The role of intravitreal corticosteroids in the treatment of DME: predictive OCT biomarkers","volume":"23","author":"Munk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.001","article-title":"Risk factors and incidence of macular edema after cataract surgery: A database study of 81984 eyes","volume":"123","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1106706","article-title":"Optimizing treatment for diabetic macular edema during cataract surgery","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S294807","article-title":"Progress of nanotechnology in diabetic retinopathy treatment","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib146","first-page":"1644","article-title":"Early vitrectomy for severe vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"103","author":"The Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study Research Group","year":"1985","journal-title":"two-year Results a Random Trial Diabet Retin Vitr Study Rep 2 Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib147","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Early vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy in eyes with useful vision","volume":"95","author":"The Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study Research Group","year":"1988","journal-title":"Results a Random Trial--Diabet Retin Vitr Study Rep 3 Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14482","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"99","author":"Schreur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000098255","article-title":"Surgery for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"221","author":"Helbig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(83)90330-6","article-title":"Vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment involving the macula","volume":"95","author":"Rice","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000355078","article-title":"Macular tractional retinoschisis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: clinical characteristics and surgical outcome","volume":"231","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31901-3","article-title":"Vitrectomy for diabetic macular traction and edema associated with posterior hyaloidal traction","volume":"99","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2479-0","article-title":"Clinical and histological features of epiretinal membrane after diabetic vitrectomy","volume":"252","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1591_20","article-title":"Neovascular glaucoma - A review","volume":"69","author":"Senthil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1159\/000095865","article-title":"Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for treatment of neovascular glaucoma in diabetic patients","volume":"220","author":"Kiuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0248-7","article-title":"Intravitreal ranibizumab injection combined trabeculectomy versus Ahmed valve surgery in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma: assessment of efficacy and complications","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00103-9","article-title":"Long-term results of noncontact neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet cyclophotocoagulation in neovascular glaucoma","volume":"110","author":"Delgado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02285.x","article-title":"Combined diode laser cyclophotocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in neovascular glaucoma","volume":"38","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.10.026","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) study after five years of follow-up","volume":"153","author":"Gedde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20130011","article-title":"Adjunctive with versus without intravitreal bevacizumab injection before Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma","volume":"126","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-019-0644-0","article-title":"Frequency and risk factors for neovascular glaucoma after vitrectomy in eyes with diabetic retinopathy: An observational study","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1516_21","article-title":"Trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, and ocular ischemic syndrome: Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors for failure","volume":"69","author":"Senthil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32801129fc","article-title":"The management of diabetic eye disease in the setting of cataract surgery","volume":"18","author":"Murtha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10393","article-title":"Corneal endothelial changes induced by pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for retinal detachment","volume":"22","author":"Coman Cernat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1159\/000507197","article-title":"The effect of diabetes mellitus on corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness: A case-control study","volume":"63","author":"Papadakou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12752","article-title":"Surgical treatment for diabetic vitreoretinal diseases: a review","volume":"44","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.14.14","article-title":"Relationship Between Retinal Capillary Nonperfusion Area and Renal Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Min","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1293_21","article-title":"Clinical features and surgical outcomes of complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus versus type 2 diabetes mellitus - A comparative observational study","volume":"69","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5309","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225309","article-title":"Is Chronic Kidney Disease Affecting the Postoperative Complications of Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?","volume":"10","author":"Kameda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008721.pub2","article-title":"Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy","author":"Martinez-Zapata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051522","article-title":"Comparative safety of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD): A systematic review and network meta-analysis of direct comparative studies","volume":"9","author":"Plyukhova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib172","article-title":"Perioperative anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents treatment in patients undergoing vitrectomy for complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a network meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.193551","article-title":"Are counseling services necessary for the surgical patients and their family members during hospitalization?","volume":"8","author":"Raju","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000510","article-title":"Diabetic Retinopathy: Role of Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Sim\u00f3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000432","article-title":"Blue widefield images of scanning laser ophthalmoscope can detect retinal Ischemic areas in eyes with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"10","author":"Horie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020020005001","article-title":"The lens and pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy complications","volume":"97","author":"Blankenship","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.3.318","article-title":"Vitrectomy with silicone oil infusion in severe diabetic retinopathy","volume":"87","author":"Castellarin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000657","article-title":"Persistent corneal epithelial defect after pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-198202220-00012","article-title":"Prevention and management of corneal decompensation","volume":"22","author":"Langston","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib180","first-page":"813","article-title":"Vitrectomy: a pars plana approach","volume":"75","author":"Machemer","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33528-6","article-title":"Changing indications and techniques for vitrectomy in management of complications of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"94","author":"Aaberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1217_18","article-title":"Current management of diabetic tractional retinal detachments","volume":"66","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.11.005","article-title":"Microincision vitrectomy surgery and intravitreal bevacizumab as a surgical adjunct to treat diabetic traction retinal detachment","volume":"116","author":"Oshima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31815ec2b3","article-title":"20-, 23-, and 25-gauge vitreous cutters: performance and characteristics evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Hubschman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(80)90012-4","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy techniques for relief of epiretinal traction by membrane segmentation","volume":"89","author":"Meredith","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30697-0","article-title":"Recognition of vitreoschisis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A useful landmark in vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment","volume":"103","author":"Schwatz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30698-2","article-title":"Posterior vitreoschisis. An echographic finding in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"103","author":"Chu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib188","unstructured":"A Minimalist Approach to Surgery for Diabetic Retinal Detachment - Retina Today. Accessed August 31, 2022. https:\/\/retinatoday.com\/articles\/2014-apr\/a-minimalist-approach-to-surgery-for-diabetic-retinal-detachment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1076\/soph.18.3.121.29811","article-title":"Use of viscodissection and silicone oil in vitrectomy for severe diabetic retinopathy","volume":"18","author":"Grigorian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01730-3","article-title":"Trimanual vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"41","author":"El-Baha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_978_19","article-title":"Intraoperative optical coherence tomography and proportional reflux hydrodissection-guided pars plana vitrectomy for complex severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"68","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20190129-08","article-title":"The role of proportional reflux during pars plana vitrectomy for tractional retinal detachments","volume":"50","author":"Jain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib193","first-page":"629","article-title":"Proportional reflux hydrodissection","volume":"32","author":"Dugel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib194","first-page":"59","article-title":"Chromovitrectomy","volume":"60","author":"Musat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rom J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000344","article-title":"Role of Vital Dyes in Chromovitrectomy","volume":"10","author":"Bergamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000253051.01194.ab","article-title":"Mechanisms of intravitreal toxicity of indocyanine green dye: implications for chromovitrectomy","volume":"27","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015735","article-title":"Intravitreal ranibizumab injection at the end of vitrectomy for diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (Observational Study)","volume":"98","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181d6def0","article-title":"Role of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injected at the end of diabetic vitrectomy in preventing postoperative recurrent vitreous hemorrhage","volume":"30","author":"Cheema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-1321-9","article-title":"The effect of adjunctive intravitreal conbercept at the end of diabetic vitrectomy for the prevention of post-vitrectomy hemorrhage in patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a prospective, randomized pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_85_18","article-title":"Chandelier-assisted retroillumination for phacoemulsification in phacovitrectomy","volume":"66","author":"Nagpal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1728_18","article-title":"Techniques of anterior capsulotomy in cataract surgery","volume":"67","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0236-8","article-title":"Detecting vitreomacular adhesions in eyes with asteroid hyalosis with triamcinolone acetonide","volume":"245","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182475b16","article-title":"Dissection under perfluorocarbon liquid: a modified vitrectomy technique for diabetic tractional retinal detachment","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900321","article-title":"Perfluorocarbon liquid vitreous delamination and wide-angle viewing system in the management of complicated diabetic retinal detachment","volume":"19","author":"Yadarola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.5.563","article-title":"Use of perfluorocarbon liquid during vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"87","author":"Imamura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31814fb0d3","article-title":"Novel mercury vapor illuminator combined with a 27\/29-gauge chandelier light fiber for vitreous surgery","volume":"28","author":"Oshima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.07.051","article-title":"Self-retaining 27-gauge transconjunctival chandelier endoillumination for panoramic viewing during vitreous surgery","volume":"143","author":"Oshima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.10.025","article-title":"Three-dimensional enhanced imaging of vitreoretinal interface in diabetic retinopathy using swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"162","author":"Adhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib209","first-page":"517","article-title":"Complications of vitreous surgery for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"90","author":"Oyakawa","year":"1983","journal-title":"I Intraoperative Complicat Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib210","first-page":"393","article-title":"Hyper-infusion pressure for diabetic membrane dissection","volume":"34","author":"Ikushima","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008214.pub2","article-title":"Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for prevention of postoperative vitreous cavity haemorrhage after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib212","article-title":"Coblation Versus Bipolar Diathermy Hemostasis in Pediatric Tonsillectomy Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Karam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003510","article-title":"Predictive factors associated with anatomical and functional outcomes after panretinal photocoagulation in people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"42","author":"Perais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.318","article-title":"Distribution, reabsorption, and complications of preretinal blood under silicone oil after vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"26","author":"Yeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34324-X","article-title":"Prevention of lens opacification during diabetic vitrectomy","volume":"91","author":"Haimann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00550-7","article-title":"Prospective Comparison of Surgery Outcome Between Preoperative and Intraoperative Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab for Vitrectomy in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.4587","article-title":"The royal college of ophthalmologists\u2019 national ophthalmology database study of vitreoretinal surgery: report 6, diabetic vitrectomy","volume":"134","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.029","article-title":"Risk of iatrogenic peripheral retinal breaks in 20-G pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"117","author":"Ramkissoon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000310","article-title":"Diabetic tractional retinal detachment repair by vitreoretinal fellows in a county health system","volume":"35","author":"Rahimy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003471","article-title":"Vitrectomy for diabetic complications: A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials using modern techniques and equipment","volume":"42","author":"Rush","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S235757","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal detachment after diabetic vitrectomy: causes and ways of management","volume":"14","author":"Abdelhadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311344","article-title":"Antivascular endothelial growth factor agents pretreatment before vitrectomy for complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"102","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0319-5","article-title":"Iatrogenic retinal breaks and postoperative retinal detachments in microincision vitrectomy surgery compared with conventional 20-gauge vitrectomy: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.10.015","article-title":"Retinal breaks in small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"153","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0496-x","article-title":"Beneficial visual outcome of vitrectomy and delamination surgery for tractional complications of diabetic retinopathy in a cohort of black patients","volume":"33","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.124495","article-title":"Predictive clinical features and outcomes of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"92","author":"Yorston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2016.0018","article-title":"Predictors and Outcomes of Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Injection in Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"31","author":"Ramezani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120980686","article-title":"The incidence and risk factors of neovascular glaucoma secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6149692","article-title":"Comparison of 27-gauge and 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery for the treatment of vitreoretinal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2020","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181d374a5","article-title":"Long-term results of vitrectomy without endotamponade in proliferative diabetic retinopathy with tractional retinal detachment","volume":"30","author":"Tao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001793","article-title":"Visual and anatomical outcomes after diabetic traction and traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair","volume":"38","author":"Storey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.348","article-title":"Surgical and visual outcome following 20-gauge vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy over a 10-year period, evidence for change in practice","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(99)00044-9","article-title":"Influence of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation on the course of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"25","author":"Kato","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0815-5","article-title":"Clinical variables and their relation to visual outcome after vitrectomy in eyes with diabetic retinal traction detachment","volume":"242","author":"La Heij","year":"2004","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32813-2","article-title":"Results of vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachments using the en bloc excision technique","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-007","article-title":"Combined rhegmatogenous and traction retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: clinical manifestations and surgical outcome","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/917375","article-title":"Combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the anti-vegf era","volume":"2014","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001280","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Synthesis of Safety Literature","volume":"37","author":"Jackson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000622","article-title":"Effect of internal limiting membrane peeling during vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Nakajima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1612443","article-title":"Comparative analysis of three-dimensional heads-up vitrectomy and traditional microscopic vitrectomy for vitreoretinal diseases","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000660","article-title":"Intraoperative OCT during vitreoretinal surgery for dense vitreous hemorrhage in the PIONEER study","volume":"35","author":"Ehlers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.05.021","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of plasma proteins in diabetic retinopathy patients by two dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-Tof-MS","volume":"29","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.01.025","article-title":"Correlations of six related pyrimidine metabolites and diabetic retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"412","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0389","article-title":"Angiogenic microRNAs Linked to Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Zampetaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164115598274","article-title":"Association between transcription factor 7-like 2 rs7903146 polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144406","article-title":"Relationship between C-reactive protein level and diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib247","first-page":"2352","article-title":"Meta-analysis of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene and diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians and Asians","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"61","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib248","article-title":"Association between homocysteine level and the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib249","first-page":"530","article-title":"MicroRNA-126: a promising novel biomarker in peripheral blood for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-015-0006-5","article-title":"C-reactive protein genetic variant is associated with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1159\/000491897","article-title":"Involvement of Advanced Glycation End Products in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.11.003","article-title":"MicroRNAs DA. -21 and -34a) are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"44","author":"Helal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/805801","article-title":"The associations between VEGF gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 11 case-control studies","volume":"2014","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259683","article-title":"Serum and aqueous humor adiponectin levels correlate with diabetic retinopathy development and progression","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/404280","article-title":"Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease, and Retinopathy in Persons with Diabetes","volume":"2015","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3569-9","article-title":"Common variants in or near ZNRF1, COLEC12, SCYL1BP1 and API5 are associated with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib257","article-title":"High mannose-binding lectin serum levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.718679","article-title":"The Role of miR-181c in mechanisms of diabetes-impaired angiogenesis: an emerging therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications","volume":"12","author":"Solly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.01.010","article-title":"Antimyeloperoxidase antibody is a biomarker for progression of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"30","author":"Sinha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6565","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16854","article-title":"Increased sCD200 levels in vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its correlation with vegf and proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"56","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00528","article-title":"MicroRNA-1281 as a novel circulating biomarker in patients with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"11","author":"Greco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02353-x","article-title":"Nitric oxide and TNF-alpha are correlates of diabetic retinopathy independent of hs-CRP and HbA1c","volume":"69","author":"Khaloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83047-w","article-title":"Plasma microRNA signature associated with retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Santovito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3697-2","article-title":"Genome-wide association study for sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy reveals association with genetic variation near the GRB2 gene","volume":"58","author":"Burdon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1136-9","article-title":"Relationship between serum apolipoproteins levels and retinopathy risk in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-2004-5","article-title":"Association of the C47T polymorphism in SOD2 with diabetes mellitus and diabetic microvascular complications: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Tian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9558","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249558","article-title":"TGF-beta serum levels in diabetic retinopathy patients and the role of anti-VEGF therapy","volume":"21","author":"Bonfiglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2651-1","article-title":"Association of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)2518A\/G polymorphism with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in northern Chinese type 2 diabetes","volume":"252","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162098925000477?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162098925000477?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T09:01:26Z","timestamp":1742288486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2162098925000477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":268,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2162098925000477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-0989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-0989","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Updates on medical and surgical managements of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100180","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100180"}}