{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:08:15Z","timestamp":1787987295810,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":226,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004853","name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T23:26:22Z","timestamp":1756509982000},"page":"100242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["International consensuses and guidelines on etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future developments of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society (APOIS) and the Academy of the Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7832-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy Y.Y.","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2258-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2281-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra S.","family":"Apte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9251-170X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muna","family":"Bhende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7555-1585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Voraporn","family":"Chiakitmongkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Jia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3358-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemmy C.M.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5070-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth C.S.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn H.","family":"Guymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-8817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumi","family":"Gomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suber S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy E.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg T.","family":"Kokame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer I.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny S.C.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabelle A.","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant V.","family":"Radke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas R.","family":"Sadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariko","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobha","family":"Sivaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1912-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahesh P.","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalit","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8448-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tien-Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis S.C.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.021","article-title":"VEGF in signaling and disease: beyond discovery and development","volume":"176","author":"Apte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002","article-title":"Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of delphi studies","volume":"67","author":"Diamond","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26074","article-title":"Age-Related macular degeneration: a review","volume":"331","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.10053","article-title":"Differential occurrence of mutations causative of eye diseases in the Chinese population","volume":"19","author":"Pang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.10.001","article-title":"Molecular pathology of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"28","author":"Ding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7401","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912702107","article-title":"Genetic variants near TIMP3 and high-density lipoprotein-associated loci influence susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7395","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912019107","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of advanced age-related macular degeneration identifies a role of the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC)","volume":"107","author":"Neale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133807","article-title":"HTRA1 promoter polymorphism in wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"314","author":"Dewan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib9","first-page":"1536","article-title":"Association of complement factor H polymorphisms with exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000068553","article-title":"ABCA4 sequence variants in Chinese patients with age-related macular degeneration or Stargardt\u2019s disease","volume":"217","author":"Baum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540140029022","article-title":"SE. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and age-related macular degeneration in women","volume":"276","author":"Willett","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.10.1396","article-title":"Sunlight exposure, antioxidants, and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"126","author":"Fletcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib13","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and risk of age-related macular degeneration in Taiwanese population","volume":"177","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109557","article-title":"Complement factor h polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"308","author":"Klein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110189","article-title":"Complement factor h polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"308","author":"Edwards","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110359","article-title":"Complement factor h variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"308","author":"Haines","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau L.I., Chen S.J., Cheng C.Y., et al. Association of the Y402H polymorphism in complement factor H gene and neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Chinese patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 200647:3242-3246.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1532"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1195","article-title":"Association between complement factor h gene polymorphisms and neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Koreans","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8135","article-title":"Differentiation of exudative age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the ARMS2\/HTRA1 locus","volume":"53","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib20","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Relationship between SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9424","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09424","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the association of SERPING1 with age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.08.023","article-title":"Genome-Wide Meta-analysis identifies risk loci and improves disease prediction of Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"131","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.01.033","article-title":"Predictive performance of an updated polygenic risk score for Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"131","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.018","article-title":"Mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"75","author":"Ambati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00140-5","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"45","author":"Beatty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050653","article-title":"Oxidative and nitrosative stress in Age-Related macular degeneration: a review of their role in different stages of disease","volume":"10","author":"Toma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxid (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.12.20","article-title":"Aberrant lipid metabolism and complement activation in Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"65","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M073684","article-title":"Plasma lipoprotein subfraction concentrations are associated with lipid metabolism and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Cheung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.02.003","article-title":"Targeting tissue lipids in Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Apte","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00650-y","article-title":"Analysis of systemic and serum risk factors in patients with Age-Related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"12","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.039","article-title":"High-Density lipoproteins associated with Age-Related macular degeneration in the all of us research program","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.08.001","article-title":"Aging, age-related macular degeneration, and the response-to-retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins","volume":"28","author":"Curcio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.10.29","article-title":"Cholesterol accumulation promotes photoreceptor senescence and retinal degeneration","volume":"65","author":"Terao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9752","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249752","article-title":"Associations between the complement system and choroidal neovascularization in wet Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"21","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000570","article-title":"The role of Inflammation in age-related macular degeneration: updates and possible therapeutic approaches","volume":"12","author":"Arrigo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7227","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501536102","article-title":"A common haplotype in the complement regulatory gene factor h (HF1\/CFH) predisposes individuals to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"102","author":"Hageman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.6.704","article-title":"N. Association between C-reactive protein and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"291","author":"Gensler","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI178296","article-title":"Complement regulation in the eye: implications for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"134","author":"Wilke","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021","article-title":"Inflammation, complement factor H, and age-related macular degeneration: the Multi-Ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"115","author":"Klein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2023.09.014","article-title":"Association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and development of age-related macular degeneration\u2014A 10-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"123","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.1584","article-title":"Effect of Low-Dose aspirin on the course of Age-Related macular degeneration: a secondary analysis of the ASPREE randomized clinical trial","volume":"142","author":"Robman","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5246","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23600","article-title":"Variation of retinal and choroidal vasculatures in patients with Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3639","article-title":"Relationship between RPE and choriocapillaris in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"50","author":"McLeod","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002434","article-title":"Choroidal thickness and vascularity vary with disease severity and subretinal drusenoid deposit presence in nonadvanced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Keenan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.003","article-title":"Choriocapillaris breakdown precedes retinal degeneration in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Biesemeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.010","article-title":"Age-related choroidal atrophy","volume":"147","author":"Spaide","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0158-4","article-title":"Pachychoroid disease","volume":"33","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305131","article-title":"Myopic choroidal neovascularisation: current concepts and update on clinical management","volume":"99","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. The age-related eye disease study (AREDS): design implications. AREDS report no. 1. Control Clin Trials. 1999;20:573-600..","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(99)00031-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States","volume":"122","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.12.026","article-title":"Incidence of Age-Related macular degeneration in a Multi-Ethnic United States population: the Multi-Ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-017-0556-3","article-title":"Baseline data from a multicenter, 5-year, prospective cohort study of Japanese age-related macular degeneration: an AMD2000 report","volume":"62","author":"Tsujikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6274","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216274","article-title":"Early stages of Age-Related macular degeneration: Racial\/Ethnic differences and proposal of a new classification incorporating emerging concept of choroidal pathology","volume":"11","author":"Sasaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4614","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154614","article-title":"Relationship between pachychoroid and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"11","author":"Yamashiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02764-w","article-title":"Macular neovascularization and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: phenotypic variations, pathogenic mechanisms and implications in management","volume":"38","author":"Cheung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03253-4","article-title":"Pachychoroid disease: review and update","volume":"39","author":"Cheung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001689","article-title":"Disease expression in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration varies with choroidal thickness","volume":"38","author":"Spaide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.06.014","article-title":"Association between choroidal thickness and drusen subtypes in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002419","article-title":"Drusen subtypes and choroidal characteristics in asian eyes with typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.004","article-title":"Consensus nomenclature for reporting neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration data: consensus on neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration nomenclature study group","volume":"127","author":"Spaide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199010010-00001","article-title":"Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV)","volume":"10","author":"Yannuzzi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199010010-00002","article-title":"The posterior uveal bleeding syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Kleiner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0225-x","article-title":"Asian age-related macular degeneration: from basic science research perspective","volume":"33","author":"Yanagi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib65","article-title":"Consensus and guidelines on diagnosis and management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) from the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina society (APVRS)","volume":"14","author":"Ruamviboonsuk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000774","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a distinct disease or manifestation of many?","volume":"36","author":"Balaratnasingam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2017.83","article-title":"Shared genetic variants for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration in east asians","volume":"62","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4614","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154614","article-title":"Relationship between pachychoroid and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"11","author":"Yamashiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.006","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: consensus nomenclature and non-indocyanine green angiograph diagnostic criteria from the Asia-Pacific ocular imaging society PCV workgroup","volume":"128","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.019","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"125","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182680a66","article-title":"Type 1 (sub-retinal pigment epithelial) neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy masquerading as neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Fung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.04.004","article-title":"Progression of pachychoroid neovasculopathy into aneurysmal type 1 choroidal neovascularization or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"6","author":"Siedlecki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.10.047","article-title":"3rd; Age-Related eye disease study research group. Risk factors for the incidence of advanced Age-Related macular degeneration in the Age-Related eye disease study (AREDS) AREDS report no. 19","volume":"112","author":"Clemons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000584","article-title":"Recent advances in clinical applications of imaging in retinal diseases","volume":"12","author":"Szeto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2024.10.004","article-title":"Choroidal biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"70","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060140705039","article-title":"Natural course of poorly defined choroidal neovascularization associated with macular degeneration","volume":"106","author":"Bressler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30388-6","article-title":"Classification of choroidal neovascularization by digital indocyanine Green videoangiography","volume":"103","author":"Guyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305674","article-title":"EVEREST study group. Everest study report 2: imaging and grading protocol, and baseline characteristics of a randomised controlled trial of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"99","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200110000-00003","article-title":"Retinal angiomatous proliferation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"21","author":"Yannuzzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00225936","article-title":"Indocyanine Green angiography of central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Hayashi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1995.63","article-title":"Indocyanine Green angiographic findings in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Piccolino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199911000-00005","article-title":"Persistent and bilateral choroidal vascular abnormalities in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"19","author":"Iida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000249386.63482.05","article-title":"Tomographic features of branching vascular networks in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"27","author":"Sato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000130","article-title":"Multilayered pigment epithelial detachment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"34","author":"Rahimy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.09.008","article-title":"Review of fibrosis in neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"246","author":"Cheong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.03.004","article-title":"Fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a review of definitions based on clinical imaging","volume":"68","author":"Bachmeier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.04.016","article-title":"Nascent type 3 neovascularization in Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Sacconi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001268","article-title":"An updated staging system of type 3 neovascularization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"36","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.046","article-title":"SEVEN-UP study group. Seven-year outcomes in ranibizumab-treated patients in ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON: a multicenter cohort study (SEVEN-UP)","volume":"120","author":"Rofagha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.006","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept (VEGF trap-eye) in wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"119","author":"Heier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00010-1","article-title":"Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TENAYA and LUCERNE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3, non-inferiority trials","volume":"399","author":"Heier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00063-1","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (PULSAR): 48-week results from a randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial","volume":"403","author":"Lanzetta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.04.017","article-title":"HAWK and HARRIER: phase 3, multicenter, randomized, Double-Masked trials of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"127","author":"Dugel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319090","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of brolucizumab versus aflibercept in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Japanese participants of HAWK","volume":"106","author":"Ogura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.05.004","article-title":"Comparison of exudative age-related macular degeneration subtypes in Japanese and French patients: multicenter diagnosis with multimodal imaging","volume":"158","author":"Coscas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.06.024","article-title":"Mechanism of retinal pigment epithelium tear formation following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy revealed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"156","author":"Nagiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-159","article-title":"A hyporeflective space between hyperreflective materials in pigment epithelial detachment and bruch's membrane in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Mukai","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05384-w","article-title":"Prechoroidal cleft thickness correlates with disease activity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"260","author":"Cozzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e338","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15273","article-title":"Risk factors and clinical significance of prechoroidal cleft in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in caucasian patients","volume":"101","author":"Kredi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.08.028","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of shallow irregular pigment epithelial detachments in pachychoroid spectrum disease","volume":"160","author":"Dansingani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002760","article-title":"Diagnostic characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy based on b-scan swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography and its interrater agreement compared with indocyanine green angiography","volume":"40","author":"Fujita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.05.017","article-title":"A comparison study of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy imaged with indocyanine Green angiography and Swept-Source optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"217","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002357","article-title":"Characteristics and classification of type 3 neovascularization with b-scan flow overlay and en face flow images of optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"40","author":"Kataoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-024-01115-w","article-title":"Clinical utility of swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography for the diagnosis of exudative maculopathy","volume":"68","author":"Sajiki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38132","article-title":"Comparative study between a spectral domain and a high-speed single-beam swept source OCTA system for identifying choroidal neovascularization in AMD","volume":"6","author":"Told","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20969","article-title":"Comparison between Spectral-Domain and Swept-Source optical coherence tomography angiographic imaging of choroidal neovascularization","volume":"58","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.11.6","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in macular neovascularization: a comparison between different OCTA devices","volume":"9","author":"Mastropasqua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7362","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11073","article-title":"Association between geographic atrophy progression and reticular pseudodrusen in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Marsiglia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8907","article-title":"Choroidal changes associated with reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"53","author":"Querques","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000633","article-title":"Prevalence of subtypes of reticular pseudodrusen in newly diagnosed exudative age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Korean patients","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.018","article-title":"Progression of intermediate age-related macular degeneration with proliferation and inner retinal migration of hyperreflective foci","volume":"120","author":"Christenbury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47390-3","article-title":"Automated detection and classification of early AMD biomarkers using deep learning","volume":"9","author":"Saha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-1928-5","article-title":"Relationship between retinal morphological findings and visual function in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"250","author":"Akagi-Kurashige","year":"2012","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000645","article-title":"Correlation between optical coherence tomographic hyperreflective foci and visual outcomes after anti-vegf treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100277","article-title":"Ultrahigh resolution OCT markers of normal aging and early Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000001752","article-title":"Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography features of the repair tissue following retinal pigment epithelium tear and functional correlation with visual outcomes","author":"Azuma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.05.016","article-title":"OCT risk factors for development of late Age-Related macular degeneration in the fellow eyes of patients enrolled in the HARBOR study","volume":"126","author":"Nassisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18572","article-title":"Drusen volume as a predictor of disease progression in patients with late Age-Related macular degeneration in the fellow eye","volume":"57","author":"Abdelfattah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2005.11.002","article-title":"Visual function and dysfunction in early and late age-related maculopathy","volume":"25","author":"Hogg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib120","first-page":"1769","article-title":"Microperimetry in age-related macular degeneration: association with macular morphology assessed by optical coherence tomography","volume":"103","author":"Roh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000597","article-title":"Microperimetry in retinal diseases","volume":"12","author":"Horie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11494","article-title":"Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for recovery of macular function in eyes with subfoveal polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"54","author":"Ogino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000517187","article-title":"S. Improvements of retinal sensitivity after intravitreal injection of aflibercept in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration with or without polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"244","author":"Nizawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47565-y","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for morphology-based function prediction in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"von der Emde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100096","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for retinal diseases","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.3782","article-title":"Automated grading of Age-Related macular degeneration from color fundus images using deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"135","author":"Burlina","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.11.015","article-title":"DeepSeeNet: a deep learning model for automated classification of Patient-based Age-related macular degeneration severity from color fundus photographs","volume":"126","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1053483","article-title":"Accuracy and feasibility with AI-assisted OCT in retinal disorder community screening","volume":"10","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17458","article-title":"Comparison of AI-based retinal fluid monitoring in neovascular age-related macular degeneration with manual assessment by different eye care professionals under optimized conditions","author":"Michl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02077-4","article-title":"Therapeutic response in the HAWK and HARRIER trials using deep learning in retinal fluid volume and compartment analysis","volume":"37","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003557","article-title":"Validation of an automated fluid algorithm on real-world data of neovascular age-related macular degeneration over five years","volume":"42","author":"Gerendas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054481","article-title":"Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"355","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062655","article-title":"Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"355","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.06.039","article-title":"Anti-VEGF agents in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: applying clinical trial results for treatment of everyday patients","volume":"144","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0679-1","article-title":"Ranibizumab for retinal angiomatous proliferation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"245","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.011","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: ninety-six-week results of the VIEW studies","volume":"121","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.93","article-title":"Is it necessary to use three mandatory loading doses when commencing therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using bevacizumab? (BeMOc Trial)","volume":"27","author":"Menon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3601","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S324600","article-title":"Real-World outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept for neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration: a large-scale postmarketing surveillance in korea","volume":"15","author":"Ryu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S303884","article-title":"LUMINOUS\u2122 study investigators from South Korea. Real-world effectiveness, treatment pattern, and safety of ranibizumab in Korean patients with neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration: subgroup analyses from the LUMINOUS study","volume":"15","author":"Sagong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305702","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration by the european society of retina specialists (EURETINA)","volume":"98","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01487-0","article-title":"Fluid as a critical biomarker in neovascular age-related macular degeneration management: literature review and consensus recommendations","volume":"35","author":"Kodjikian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000445","article-title":"Treat-and-extend regimens for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: consensus and recommendations from the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-Retina society","volume":"10","author":"Chaikitmongkol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Philos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000602","article-title":"Review on the safety and efficacy of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration from major studies and real-world data","volume":"12","author":"Radke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S468458","article-title":"Evaluating faricimab in treatment-na\u00efve neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a retrospective analysis of real-world data","volume":"18","author":"Modeste","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.01.024","article-title":"A variable-dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: year 2 of the PrONTO study","volume":"148","author":"Lalwani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002670","article-title":"Ranibizumab treatment in treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Holz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.90","article-title":"Determinants of visual acuity outcomes in eyes with neovascular AMD treated with anti-VEGF agents: an instrumental variable analysis of the AURA study","volume":"30","author":"Holz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3890-8","article-title":"An analysis of ranibizumab treatment and visual outcomes in real-world settings: the UNCOVER study","volume":"256","author":"Eldem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306987","article-title":"A systematic review of as needed versus treat and extend ranibizumab or bevacizumab treatment regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"100","author":"Chin-Yee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) Research Group; Martin D.F., Maguire M.G., et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:1388-1398.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.053"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02020-7","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and treatment burden of treat-and-extend versus alternative anti-VEGF regimens for nAMD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.019","article-title":"Macular atrophy incidence and progression in eyes with neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration treated with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors using a Treat-and-Extend or a pro re nata regimen: Four-Year results of the MANEX study","volume":"127","author":"Spooner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00768-z","article-title":"Systematic review of neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration disease activity criteria use to shorten, maintain or extend treatment intervals with Anti-VEGF in clinical trials: implications for clinical practice","volume":"12","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.041","article-title":"Comparison of ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration according to LUCAS treat-and-extend protocol","volume":"122","author":"Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2016.12.004","article-title":"Randomized trial of treat-and-extend versus monthly dosing for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 2-year results of the TREX-AMD study","volume":"1","author":"Wykoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.07.014","article-title":"Treat-and-extend versus monthly regimen in neovascular age-related macular degeneration results with ranibizumab from the TREND study","volume":"125","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.6776","article-title":"Effect of ranibizumab and aflibercept on Best-Corrected visual acuity in Treat-and-Extend for neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"137","author":"Gillies","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.5540","article-title":"Efficacy of a Treat-and-Extend regimen with ranibizumab in patients with neovascular Age-Related macular disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"138","author":"Kertes","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.11.025","article-title":"Tolerating subretinal fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with ranibizumab using a treat-and-extend regimen: FLUID study 24-month results","volume":"126","author":"Guymer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01236-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept treat-and-extend regimens in exudative age-related macular degeneration: 52-and 96-week findings from ALTAIR: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Ohji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003128","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept using a treat-and-extend regimen for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the aries study: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01108-z","article-title":"The impact of disease activity criteria on extending injection intervals in Real-World patients with neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Bhatia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib163","first-page":"438","article-title":"PULSAR extension: clinical improvements maintained over 156 weeks with aflibercept 8 mg in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"66","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib164","first-page":"481","article-title":"The VEGF treatment of AMD switch study (The vTAS Study). Asia pac","volume":"6","author":"Curry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol (Philos)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-05059-y","article-title":"Switching anti-VEGF agent for wet AMD: evaluation of impact on visual acuity, treatment frequency and retinal morphology in a real-world clinical setting","volume":"259","author":"Granstam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-021-00299-4","article-title":"Aflibercept therapy for exudative age-related macular degeneration resistant to bevacizumab and ranibizumab","volume":"7","author":"Hamid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Retin Vitr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-022-00940-1","article-title":"Short-term outcomes of switching to brolucizumab in Japanese patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"66","author":"Kitajima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040562","article-title":"A Treat-and-Extend regimen of intravitreal brolucizumab for exudative Age-Related macular degeneration refractory to aflibercept: a 12-Month result","volume":"16","author":"Kikushima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4375","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154375","article-title":"Switching to intravitreal brolucizumab after ranibizumab or aflibercept using treat and extend regimen for neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration in Japanese patients: 1-Year results and factors associated with treatment responsiveness","volume":"13","author":"Hirayama","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06222-x","article-title":"Six-month outcomes of switching from aflibercept to faricimab in refractory cases of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"262","author":"Kataoka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48190-6","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of faricimab on aflibercept-refractory age-related macular degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Tamiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06421-0","article-title":"Short-term outcomes of treatment switch to faricimab in patients with aflibercept-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"262","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3390\/life14040476","article-title":"Factors associated with success of switching to faricimab for neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration refractory to intravitreal aflibercept","volume":"14","author":"Machida","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264241271649","article-title":"Visual and anatomic responses in patients with neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration and a suboptimal response to Anti-VEGF therapy switched to faricimab","author":"Khodor","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03218-7","article-title":"Real world efficacy and durability of faricimab in patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) who had sub-optimal response to prior anti-VEGF therapy","volume":"38","author":"Goodchild","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.03.015","article-title":"One-year outcomes after switching to faricimab in eyes with pre-treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a Swiss retina research network report","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264221150345","article-title":"High-Dose aflibercept for neovascular AMD and DME in suboptimal responders to Standard-Dose aflibercept","volume":"7","author":"Nielsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib178","first-page":"00054","article-title":"Initial functional and anatomical outcomes of High-dose aflibercept 8 mg in exudative neovascular Age-related macular degeneration","author":"Bala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S481772","article-title":"Expert panel consensus for optimizing outcomes in neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration in the context of suboptimal response to a biosimilar: the role of aflibercept","volume":"18","author":"Narendran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03223-w","article-title":"Dual pathway inhibition with faricimab for previously treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema: guidance from a UK panel of retina specialists","volume":"38","author":"Downey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2024-001967","article-title":"Switching to faricimab from the current anti-VEGF therapy: evidence-based expert recommendations","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17506","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review with network meta-analysis","author":"Butler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.012","article-title":"Consistent Long-Term therapy of neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration managed by 50 or more Anti-VEGF injections using a treat-extend-stop protocol","volume":"125","author":"Adrean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002713","article-title":"Vision academy steering committee. Suspending treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in cases of futility","volume":"40","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: one-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials--TAP report. Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with photodynamic therapy (TAP) Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117: pp. 1329-1345..","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.10.1329"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00223-X","article-title":"Effect of lesion size, visual acuity, and lesion composition on visual acuity change with and without verteporfin therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration: TAP and VIP report no. 1","volume":"136","author":"Blinder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-005-0259-z","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy in macular diseases of Asian populations: when East meets West","volume":"50","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.12.056","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: one-year results of a prospective case series","volume":"111","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib189","article-title":"Macular neovascularization","author":"Sheth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.002","article-title":"Verteporfin plus ranibizumab for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: twelve-month MONT BLANC study results","volume":"119","author":"Larsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.003","article-title":"Verteporfin plus ranibizumab for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: twelve-month results of the DENALI study","volume":"119","author":"Kaiser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2443","article-title":"Comparison of ranibizumab with or without verteporfin photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: the EVEREST II randomized clinical trial","volume":"138","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.10.1367","article-title":"Combination of photodynamic therapy and intraocular triamcinolone for exudative age-related macular degeneration and long-term chorioretinal macular atrophy","volume":"126","author":"Piermarocchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06030-3","article-title":"Predictive factors for outcomes of half-dose photodynamic therapy combined with aflibercept for pachychoroid neovasculopathy","volume":"261","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06499-6","article-title":"Three-year outcome of photodynamic therapy combined with VEGF inhibitor for pachychoroid neovasculopathy","volume":"262","author":"Nomura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07018-1","article-title":"Efficacy of aflibercept combined with 80% dose photodynamic therapy for pachychoroid neovasculopathy","volume":"15","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.02.024","article-title":"Archway phase 3 trial of the port delivery system with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration 2-Year results","volume":"130","author":"Regillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00446-z","article-title":"Port delivery system with ranibizumab (Susvimo) recall- what does it mean to the retina specialists","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Retin Vitr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.14.4.8","article-title":"Structural updates to the implant and refill needle of the port delivery platform","volume":"14","author":"Pieramici","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.1091","article-title":"Patient preference and treatment satisfaction with a port delivery system for ranibizumab vs intravitreal injections in patients with neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00843-5","article-title":"Clinical trials and future outlooks of the port delivery system with ranibizumab: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Lowater","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15060720","article-title":"Gene therapy for Non-Hereditary retinal disease: age-Related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and beyond","volume":"15","author":"Rowe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06837-2","article-title":"Gene therapy in neovascular age related macular degeneration: an update","author":"Quesada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00310-6","article-title":"Gene therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration by subretinal delivery of RGX-314: a phase 1\/2a dose-escalation study","volume":"403","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib205","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ixoberogene soroparvovec in neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the United States (OPTIC): a prospective, two-year, multicentre phase 1 study","volume":"67","author":"Khanani","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2025.101430","article-title":"Nonclinical study of ixo-vec gene therapy for nAMD supports efficacy for a human dose of 6E10 vg\/eye and staggered dosing of fellow eyes","volume":"33","author":"Poulsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib207","article-title":"Adverum biotechnologies presents positive Ixo-vec clinical data from the 26-Week interim analysis of the LUNA phase 2 trial at the 2024 ASRS annual meeting","author":"Inc","year":"2024","journal-title":"GlobeNewswire N Room Publ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.14.1","article-title":"Design and characterization of a novel intravitreal Dual-Transgene genetic Medicine for neovascular retinopathies","volume":"65","author":"Calton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib209","first-page":"5055","article-title":"Trial evaluating 4D-150, a dual-transgene intravitreal genetic Medicine in individuals with neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration","volume":"64","author":"Khanani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03373-x","article-title":"Exploring new horizons in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: novel mechanisms of action and future therapeutic avenues","volume":"39","author":"Shirian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib211","first-page":"4401","article-title":"The DAVIO 2 trial: a phase 2, randomized, double-masked, controlled multicenter study of EYP-1901 vs aflibercept in previously treated wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"65","author":"Eichenbaum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib212","first-page":"936","article-title":"U.S. Phase 1 study of intravitreal axitinib implant (OTX-TKI) for neovascular Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"64","author":"Moshfeghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib213","unstructured":"Goldberg R.A. Phase 2b CLS-AX ODYSSEY trial results. Presented at Angiogenesis 2025 meeting."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01104-3","article-title":"Clinical and socioeconomic burden of retinal diseases: can biosimilars add value? A narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Hariprasad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-01011-z","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of ranibizumab biosimilar for neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration and its subtypes from the societal and patient perspectives in Japan","volume":"13","author":"Yanagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-03732-2","article-title":"Aflibercept 2\u2009mg biosimilars-will they lead the anti-VEGF biosimilar world globally","volume":"39","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S515479","article-title":"CompaRative safety analysis of innovator and BioSimilar ranibizumab in chorioretinal vascular diseases - the CRsIBS study","volume":"19","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00999-8","article-title":"Economic assessment in Resource-Constrained systems: Individual-Level simulation model in wet Age-Related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib219","article-title":"Clinical use of home OCT data to manage neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration","author":"Heier","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.027","article-title":"Randomized trial of a home monitoring system for early detection of choroidal neovascularization home monitoring of the eye (HOME) study","volume":"121","author":"AREDS2-HOME Study Research Group","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071355","article-title":"Real-World performance of a Self-Operated home monitoring system for early detection of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004167","article-title":"Prospective trial of home optical coherence tomography-guided management of treatment experienced neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients","volume":"44","author":"Holekamp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02153-9","article-title":"15 years of anti-VEGF treatment for nAMD: success or failure or something in between?","volume":"36","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib224","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of traditional and telemedicine combined population-based age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy screening in rural and urban China","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-021-00890-0","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of screening programs for age-related macular degeneration: amended Japanese specific health checkups and augmented screening programs with OCT or AI","volume":"66","author":"Tamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e456","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00554-X","article-title":"Economic evaluation of combined population-based screening for multiple blindness-causing eye diseases in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100249","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000}},{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100249","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000}}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162098925001094?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162098925001094?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T22:51:59Z","timestamp":1761778319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2162098925001094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":226,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2162098925001094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-0989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-0989","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"International consensuses and guidelines on etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future developments of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society (APOIS) and the Academy of the Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100242","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100242"}}