{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:56:39Z","timestamp":1791910599220,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015507","name":"Shandong Provincial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018563","name":"Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018563","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["apjon.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:49:17Z","timestamp":1785167357000},"page":"101010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Changes in postoperative symptom communities and network structure in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A four-time-point study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1482-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumin","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6233-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01921","article-title":"Management of the neck in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx: ASCO clinical practice guideline","volume":"37","author":"Koyfman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib4","article-title":"Prediction of postoperative dysphagia in patients with oral cancer: a prospective cohort study","volume":"125","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341116","article-title":"Postoperative swallowing recovery in oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a prospective analysis of functional changes and adjuvant effects","volume":"21","author":"Nguyen","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib6","first-page":"271","article-title":"Influencing factors and medical coping modes of quality of life in oral cancer patients","volume":"36","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"West China J Stomatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2006.11.017","article-title":"Quality of life after surgical treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a prospective longitudinal assessment of patients reconstructed by microvascular flap","volume":"43","author":"Borggreven","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70236","article-title":"Exploring the Dynamics of Postoperative Radiotherapy Symptom Networks in Oral Cancer Patients: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.10.3129","article-title":"Acute stage longitudinal change of quality of life from Pre- to 3 months after surgical treatment in head and neck cancer patients","volume":"20","author":"Tashimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11663","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S268912","article-title":"Short-term quality of life, functional status, and their predictors in tongue cancer patients after anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction: a single-center prospective comparative study","volume":"12","author":"Tamer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib11","first-page":"2209","article-title":"Investigation of symptom clusters in postoperative oral cancer patients","volume":"36","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Pract Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib12","first-page":"201","article-title":"Distinct dysphagia profiles in patients with oral cancer after surgery","volume":"50","author":"Mathew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2026.103895","article-title":"Dysphagia, cognitive function, and dysphagia-related quality of life among oral cancer patients: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"69","author":"He","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib14","first-page":"319","article-title":"Core preoperative symptoms and patients\u2019 symptom experiences in oral cancer: a mixed-methods study","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib15","article-title":"Perioperative nutritional risk and its influencing factors in patients with oral cancer: a longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2022.100073","article-title":"Perioperative symptom burden and its influencing factors in patients with oral cancer: a longitudinal study","volume":"9","author":"Ou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000001509","article-title":"Symptom clusters trajectories and influencing factors in patients with head and neck cancer: a longitudinal study","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib18","first-page":"2153","article-title":"Trajectory and influencing factors of symptom burden in perioperative oral cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Gen Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib19","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Journey mapping and nursing strategies of symptom management for oral cancer patients","volume":"60","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2018.1521283","article-title":"Network analysis: a brief overview and tutorial","volume":"6","author":"Hevey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Psychol Behav Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib21","first-page":"1974","article-title":"Longitudinal study on perioperative related symptoms and symptom clusters in oral cancer patients","volume":"52","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chongqing Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000167","article-title":"A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks","volume":"23","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib23","first-page":"626","article-title":"Symptom distress in nasopharyngeal carcinoma during and after radiotherapy","volume":"45","author":"Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20602","article-title":"Measuring head and neck cancer symptom burden: the development and validation of the M. D. Anderson symptom inventory-head and neck module","volume":"29","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2015.1087664","article-title":"A review of exploratory factor analysis decisions and overview of current practices: what we are doing and how can we improve?","volume":"32","author":"Howard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Hum-Comput Interact"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045","article-title":"Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso","volume":"9","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","article-title":"Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology","volume":"9","author":"Borsboom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1640103","article-title":"Problems with centrality measures in psychopathology symptom networks","volume":"56","author":"Hallquist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898","article-title":"Bridge Centrality: A Network Approach to Understanding Comorbidity","volume":"56","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174035","article-title":"Exploratory graph analysis: a new approach for estimating the number of dimensions in psychological research","volume":"12","author":"Golino","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1319-z","article-title":"Mental disorders as networks of problems: a review of recent insights","volume":"52","author":"Fried","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatr Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000476","article-title":"Comparing network structures on three aspects: a permutation test","volume":"28","author":"van Borkulo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2023.151407","article-title":"Symptom cluster experiences of patients operated for oral cancer: a mixed methods study","volume":"39","author":"Mathew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib35","first-page":"377","article-title":"Identifying symptom clusters and temporal interconnections in lung tumor patients after CT-guided microwave ablation","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2021.151215","article-title":"Symptom clusters in head and neck cancer: a systematic review and conceptual model","volume":"37","author":"Mathew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1362654","article-title":"Long-term functional swallowing and speech outcomes after transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"11","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib38","first-page":"313","article-title":"Research progress of longitudinal studies on symptom clusters in gastric cancer patients","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.08.010","article-title":"Nausea and vomiting in colorectal ERAS programs: impact on nutritional recovery and hospital stay","volume":"34","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27373","article-title":"Longitudinal swallowing function changes and proactive swallowing therapy after oral cancer surgery","volume":"45","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9519-8","article-title":"Functional outcomes and quality of life after chemoradiotherapy: baseline, 3 and 6 month follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Lazarus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.09.016","article-title":"Immediate postextubation complication incidence in critically ill adults","volume":"49","author":"Andreu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib43","first-page":"104","article-title":"Early postoperative core symptoms in Chinese primary liver cancer patients: cross-sectional and longitudinal network analysis","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.07.003","article-title":"Psychological distress in patients and caregivers during head and neck cancer radiotherapy","volume":"50","author":"Badr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2347562526001605?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2347562526001605?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:35:30Z","timestamp":1791909330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2347562526001605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S2347562526001605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2347-5625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2347-5625","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Changes in postoperative symptom communities and network structure in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A four-time-point study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjon.2026.101010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Asian Oncology Nursing Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101010"}}