{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:37:44Z","timestamp":1788791864893,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]],"date-time":"2004-09-14T17:15:35Z","timestamp":1095182135000},"page":"1488-1492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Do preinjury alcohol problems predict poorer rehabilitation progress in persons with spinal cord injury? 11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is\/are associated."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Bombardier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Stroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Esselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl T.","family":"Rimmele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90180-0","article-title":"Alcohol use and readiness to change after spinal cord injury","volume":"79","author":"Bombardier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Drinking and spinal cord injury","volume":"7","author":"Frisbie","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Paraplegia Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB3","first-page":"619","article-title":"Alcohol use in persons with recent spinal cord injuries","volume":"69","author":"Heinemann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199308000-00004","article-title":"Alcohol use among spinal cord-injured patients","volume":"72","author":"Tate","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1988.tb01352.x","article-title":"Toxicology screening in acute spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Heinemann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-199209000-00008","article-title":"Influence of alcohol intake on the course and consequences of spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Kiwerski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/0090-5550.40.2.125","article-title":"Substance abuse and medical complications following spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Heinemann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1037\/0090-5550.47.3.278","article-title":"Alcohol abuse history and adjustment following spinal cord injury","volume":"47","author":"Elliott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1037\/h0091723","article-title":"Alcohol use and activity patterns following spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"Heinemann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.127.12.1653","article-title":"The Michigan alcoholism screening test","volume":"127","author":"Selzer","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90254-9","article-title":"Concordance of patients\u2019 and caregivers\u2019 reports of alcohol use after traumatic brain injury","volume":"78","author":"Sander","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90384-0","article-title":"The structure and stability of the Functional Independence Measure","volume":"75","author":"Linacre","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90184-7","article-title":"The reliability of the functional independence measure","volume":"77","author":"Ottenbacher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90255-0","article-title":"Relationships between disability measures and nursing effort during medical rehabilitation for patients with traumatic brain and spinal cord injury","volume":"78","author":"Heinemann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.2.302","article-title":"Multivariate analysis versus multiple univariate analyses","volume":"105","author":"Huberty","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530350096025","article-title":"Alcohol exacerbates behavioral and neurochemical effects of rat spinal cord trauma","volume":"49","author":"Halt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.12.1269","article-title":"Why psychologists should treat alcohol and drug problems","volume":"52","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90263-4","article-title":"Depression following spinal cord injury","volume":"77","author":"Elliott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80506-0","article-title":"Alcohol and marijuana use in a community-based sample with spinal cord injury","volume":"76","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199907000-00002","article-title":"Substance abuse, violence, and outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"78","author":"McKinley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2002.00958.x","article-title":"Alcoholism and personality","volume":"36","author":"Mulder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.47.9.1102","article-title":"In search of how people change","volume":"47","author":"Prochaska","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90424-X","article-title":"Readiness to change alcohol use after traumatic brain injury","volume":"78","author":"Bombardier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1987.48.410","article-title":"Verbal report methods in clinical research on alcoholism","volume":"48","author":"Babor","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB25","first-page":"77","article-title":"Self report issues in alcohol abuse","volume":"12","author":"Sobell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behav Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010_BIB26","series-title":"Interim report on an inpatient rehabilitation prospective payment system","first-page":"210","author":"Carter","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999303012188?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999303012188?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T04:20:31Z","timestamp":1585887631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999303012188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999303012188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}