{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:38:32Z","timestamp":1784893112639,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,30]],"date-time":"2005-06-30T16:04:35Z","timestamp":1120147475000},"page":"1420-1426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Break-Technique Handheld Dynamometry: Relation Between Angular Velocity and Strength Measurements"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Burns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Spanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.7.1072","article-title":"Clinical reliability of manual muscle testing. Middle trapezius and gluteus medius muscles","volume":"67","author":"Frese","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/026921559701100106","article-title":"Grade 4 in manual muscle testing","volume":"11","author":"Dvir","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880131307","article-title":"Manual muscle testing","volume":"13","author":"Mendell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880131317","article-title":"Isokinetic dynamometry","volume":"13","author":"Delitto","year":"1990","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(03)00022-1","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of EMG and peak torque during repetitive maximal concentric knee extensions","volume":"13","author":"Larsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/68.2.193","article-title":"Make tests and break tests of elbow flexor muscle strength","volume":"68","author":"Bohannon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib7","first-page":"247","article-title":"Make versus break tests for measuring elbow flexor muscle force with a hand-held dynamometer in patient with stroke","volume":"42","author":"Bohannon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1994.19.1.28","article-title":"A comparison of make and break tests using a hand-held dynamometer and the Kin-Com","volume":"19","author":"Stratford","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000150790.99514.C6","article-title":"Hand-held dynamometry in persons with tetraplegia","volume":"84","author":"Burns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.3.326","article-title":"Accuracy, reproducibility, and variability of hand-held dynamometry in motor neuron disease","volume":"57","author":"Goonetilleke","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90141-4","article-title":"Intratester reliability of the Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester on individuals with intellectual disabilities by a tester having minimal experience","volume":"75","author":"Horvat","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.34619","article-title":"The reliability of upper- and lower-extremity strength testing in a community survey of older adults","volume":"83","author":"Ottenbacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.3.248","article-title":"The \u201cmake\/break test\u201d as a diagnostic tool in functional weakness","volume":"54","author":"van der Ploeg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018324","article-title":"The contractile response during steady state lengthening of stimulated frog muscle fibres","volume":"431","author":"Lombardi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.2000.00694.x","article-title":"Electrically evoked eccentric and concentric torque-velocity relationships in human knee extensor muscles","volume":"169","author":"Seger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib16","series-title":"Reference manual for the standards for neurologic and functional classification of spinal cord injury","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib17","first-page":"S50","article-title":"International standards for neurological classifications of spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Marino","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","article-title":"Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity","volume":"67","author":"Bohannon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib19","series-title":"Measurement of joint motion","first-page":"67","article-title":"The elbow and forearm","author":"Norkin","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10166","article-title":"Reliability of hand-held dynamometry in spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"26","author":"Merlini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib21","first-page":"653","article-title":"Muscle force measured using \u201cbreak\u201d testing with a hand-held myometer in normal subjects aged 20 to 69 years","volume":"81","author":"Phillips","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90005-8","article-title":"Reference values for extremity muscle strength obtained by hand-held dynamometry from adults aged 20 to 79 years","volume":"78","author":"Bohannon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880171218","article-title":"Peripheral sprouting as a mechanism for recovery in the zone of injury in acute quadriplegia","volume":"17","author":"Marino","year":"1994","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.6.2215","article-title":"Effect of voluntary vs. artificial activation on the relationship of muscle torque to speed","volume":"69","author":"Dudley","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.6.2339","article-title":"Eccentric contractions require unique activation strategies by the nervous system","volume":"81","author":"Enoka","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000399930500225X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000399930500225X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T02:22:14Z","timestamp":1586312534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000399930500225X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S000399930500225X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.12.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}}}