{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:51:42Z","timestamp":1790419902188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,21]],"date-time":"2006-07-21T13:46:20Z","timestamp":1153489580000},"page":"897-903","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Spinal Stenosis, Back Pain, or No Symptoms at All? A Masked Study Comparing Radiologic and Electrodiagnostic Diagnoses to the Clinical Impression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Haig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen S.","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian T.","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Chiodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Miner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishali R.","family":"Choksi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Geisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Parres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib1","series-title":"The adult spine","first-page":"93","article-title":"The epidemiology of spinal disorders","author":"Andersson","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-2-271","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and results of surgical treatment in 68 patients","volume":"103","author":"Hall","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199609010-00024","article-title":"Spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication","volume":"21","author":"Porter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1159\/000082369","article-title":"The clinical syndrome associated with lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"52","author":"Goh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib5","series-title":"Treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib6","first-page":"109","article-title":"On low back pain","volume":"15","author":"Enzmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198706000-00012","article-title":"Neurophysiologic investigation of patients with spinal stenosis","volume":"12","author":"Johnsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib8","first-page":"26","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"4","author":"Herron","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198503000-00013","article-title":"Myelography in the elderly and the diagnosis of spinal stenosis","volume":"10","author":"Uden","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710011892X","article-title":"Lumbar stenosis. Analysis of factors affecting outcome in 81 surgical cases","volume":"8","author":"Weir","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib11","series-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis","author":"Postacchini","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.59B2.141452","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment of idiopathic developmental stenosis of the lumbar vertebral canal. A review of twenty-seven years experience","volume":"59","author":"Verbiest","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199318110-00010","article-title":"Lumbar spinal fusion. A cohort study of complications, reoperations, and resources","volume":"18","author":"Deyo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00013","article-title":"Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"72","author":"Boden","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407143310201","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain","volume":"331","author":"Jensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/jon1991112","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic adults. Cooperative study\u2014American Society of Neuroimaging","volume":"1","author":"Greenberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490060092030","article-title":"What can the history and physical examination tell us about low back pain?","volume":"268","author":"Deyo","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(89)90057-7","article-title":"Spinal stenosis","volume":"19","author":"Moreland","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B2.8113279","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis and diabetes. Outcome of surgical decompression","volume":"76","author":"Cinotti","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198808000-00011","article-title":"The pseudoradicular syndrome. Lower extremity peripheral nerve entrapment masquerading as lumbar radiculopathy","volume":"13","author":"Saal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01834073","article-title":"Comparison of surgical procedures for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"l6","author":"Niggemeyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib22","first-page":"47","article-title":"Tender muscles in sciatica. Electromyographic studies","volume":"I","author":"Elliot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib23","first-page":"1101","article-title":"AAEM minimonograph #32. The electrophysiologic examination in patients with radiculopathies","volume":"11","author":"Wilbourne","year":"1988","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000188400.11490.5f","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of electrodiagnostic testing for the clinical syndrome of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"30","author":"Haig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib25","series-title":"A comparison of electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging in older persons with lumbar spinal stenosis, low back pain, and no back complaints","author":"Haig","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)90068-O","article-title":"The Pain Disability Index","volume":"40","author":"Tait","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199502000-00016","article-title":"The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. Measurement properties","volume":"20","author":"Kopec","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(75)90044-5","article-title":"The McGill Pain Questionnaire","volume":"1","author":"Melzack","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x","article-title":"Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain","volume":"8","author":"Bijur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90026-6","article-title":"A rating system for use with patient pain drawings","volume":"l24","author":"Margolis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200011000-00002","article-title":"Identifying lumbosacral radiculopathies","volume":"79","author":"Dillingham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib32","first-page":"685","article-title":"AAEM minimonograph #11","volume":"4","author":"Daube","year":"1991","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90329-4","article-title":"Clinical experience with paraspinal mapping. II: A simplified technique that eliminates three fourths of needle insertions","volume":"78","author":"Haig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90328-2","article-title":"Clinical experience with paraspinal mapping. I: Neurophysiology of the paraspinal muscles in various spinal disorders","volume":"78","author":"Haig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000091983.14237.00","article-title":"Paraspinal electromyography that compares concentric with monopolar needles","volume":"82","author":"Tong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200007000-00004","article-title":"Paraspinal electromyography in high lumbar and thoracic lesions","volume":"79","author":"Haig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haig AJ, Yamakawa KS, Kendall R, Miner JA, Parres C, Harris M. An assessment of the validity of masking in electrodiagnostic research. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. In press.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000219082.60121.ae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib38","series-title":"SPSS 12.0 guide to data analysis","author":"Norusis","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib39","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Will EDX physicians be left behind? The need for blinded studies to evaluate electrodiagnostic studies as a diagnostic test. A report of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine Task Force on Blinding Research","volume":"11","author":"Dubinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Positive Waves"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199503150-00013","article-title":"Paraspinal mapping","volume":"20","author":"Haig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200005150-00012","article-title":"Efficacy and validity of radiofrequency neurotomy for chronic lumbar zygapophysial joint pain","volume":"25","author":"Dreyfuss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105243442117","article-title":"Low back pain [letter]","volume":"344","author":"Haig","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105243442117","article-title":"Low back pain [letter]","volume":"344","author":"Haig","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999306003169?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999306003169?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T02:00:06Z","timestamp":1555725606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999306003169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999306003169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.03.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}}}