{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:28:52Z","timestamp":1785302932430,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T11:12:52Z","timestamp":1182942772000},"page":"833-839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Upper-Extremity Functional Electric Stimulation\u2013Assisted Exercises on a Workstation in the Subacute Phase of Stroke Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Kowalczewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeriya","family":"Gritsenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ellaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Prochazka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib1","series-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142006 update","first-page":"40","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000019289.15440.F2","article-title":"Persisting consequences of stroke measured by the Stroke Impact Scale","volume":"33","author":"Lai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90108-2","article-title":"Compensation in recovery of upper extremity function after stroke: the Copenhagen Stroke Study","volume":"75","author":"Nakayama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib4","first-page":"507","article-title":"Electrophysiological orthosis for the upper extremity in hemiplegia: feasibility study","volume":"56","author":"Merletti","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/59.12.1495","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of wrist and fingers for hemiplegic patients","volume":"59","author":"Baker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib6","first-page":"189","article-title":"EMG-controlled functional electrical stimulation of the paretic hand","volume":"11","author":"van Overeem Hansen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib7","first-page":"138","article-title":"Electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation for improving the arm function of acute stroke survivors: a randomized pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Heckmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90074-0","article-title":"Electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation for improving the arm function of acute stroke survivors: a randomized pilot study","volume":"79","author":"Francisco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.v11.i34.40","article-title":"Neuromuscular stimulation for motor relearning in hemiplegia","volume":"11","author":"Chae","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Rev Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000016926.77114.A6","article-title":"Two coupled motor recovery protocols are better than one: electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation and bilateral movements","volume":"33","author":"Cauraugh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(02)00051-7","article-title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for motor relearning in hemiparesis","volume":"14","author":"Chae","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410024190","article-title":"Relation between stimulation characteristics and clinical outcome in studies using electrical stimulation to improve motor control of the upper extremity in stroke","volume":"37","author":"de Kroon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2003.09.0443","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of functional electrical therapy in acute hemiplegic subjects","volume":"40","author":"Popovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1139\/y04-057","article-title":"Therapy of paretic arm in hemiplegic subjects augmented with a neural prosthesis: a cross-over study","volume":"82","author":"Popovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1094-7159.2005.05221.x","article-title":"Neuroprosthesis for retraining reaching and grasping functions in severe hemiplegic patients","volume":"8","author":"Popovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410035387","article-title":"Controlled study of neuroprosthetic functional electrical stimulation in sub-acute post-stroke rehabilitation","volume":"37","author":"Ring","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2003-18306","article-title":"A home-based, self-administered stimulation program to improve selected hand functions of chronic stroke","volume":"18","author":"Alon","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.08.094","article-title":"A functional electric stimulation-assisted exercise therapy system for hemiplegic hand function","volume":"85","author":"Gritsenko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1191\/026921501672937235","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation by means of the \u2019Ness Handmaster Orthosis\u2019 in chronic stroke patients: an exploratory study","volume":"15","author":"Hendricks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib20","series-title":"Rehabilitation of hemiplegic hand function during semi-acute stage of recovery using automated FES-assisted exercise therapy","author":"Gritsenko","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib21","series-title":"FES-assisted exercise therapy in the sub-acute phase of stroke recovery","author":"Kowalczewski","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/46.4.357","article-title":"Motor testing procedures in hemiplegia: based on sequential recovery stages","volume":"46","author":"Brunnstrom","year":"1966","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.6.658","article-title":"A simple test of visual neglect","volume":"23","author":"Albert","year":"1973","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib25","series-title":"Allgemeine depressionskala","author":"Hautzinger","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(89)80005-6","article-title":"Forced use of hemiplegic upper extremities to reverse the effect of learned nonuse among chronic stroke and head-injured patients","volume":"104","author":"Wolf","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.23183","article-title":"The reliability of the Wolf Motor Function Test for assessing upper extremity function after stroke","volume":"82","author":"Morris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197771331","article-title":"The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1","volume":"7","author":"Fugl-Meyer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib29","first-page":"347","article-title":"Technique to improve chronic motor deficit after stroke","volume":"74","author":"Taub","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591","article-title":"An analysis of variance test for normality","volume":"52","author":"Shapiro","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib31","series-title":"Fitting models to biological data using linear and nonlinear regression: a practical guide to curve fitting","first-page":"352","author":"Motulsky","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib32","series-title":"Statistics in kinesiology","first-page":"256","author":"Vincent","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.5.975","article-title":"Neuromuscular stimulation for upper extremity motor and functional recovery in acute hemiplegia","volume":"29","author":"Chae","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib34","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","first-page":"567","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.11.2369","article-title":"Forced use of the upper extremity in chronic stroke patients: results from a single-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"van der Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2005.05238.x","article-title":"A pilot study to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on recovery of hand function and sensation in subacute stroke patients","volume":"8","author":"Mann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.7.1384","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of wrist extensors in poststroke hemiplegia","volume":"30","author":"Powell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.2002.06950.x","article-title":"Restitution of reaching and grasping promoted by functional electrical therapy","volume":"26","author":"Popovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib39","series-title":"Automated FES-assisted exercise therapy for hemiplegic hand function","author":"Gritsenko","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036_bib40","series-title":"Method and apparatus for automated delivery of therapeutic exercises of the upper extremity","author":"Kowalczewski","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000399930700264X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000399930700264X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T13:52:43Z","timestamp":1708005163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000399930700264X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S000399930700264X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.03.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}}}