{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T10:31:17Z","timestamp":1744281077035},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,17]],"date-time":"2008-04-17T13:02:36Z","timestamp":1208437356000},"page":"S56-S60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Interventions in Chronic Pain Management. 5. Approaches to Medication and Lifestyle in Chronic Pain Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Mitchell K.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Saulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Anthony","family":"Overton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele Y.","family":"Holding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira D.","family":"Kornbluth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199510001-00004","article-title":"The effect of nicotine on incorporation of cancellous bone graft in an animal model","volume":"20","author":"Riebel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199810150-00012","article-title":"Low back pain and lifestyle","volume":"23","author":"Leboeuf-Yde","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199906010-00008","article-title":"The association between cigarette smoking and back pain in adults","volume":"24","author":"Scott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000083284.47176.80","article-title":"Smoking and overweight as predictors of hospitalization of back disorders","volume":"28","author":"Kaila-Kangas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199907150-00012","article-title":"Smoking and low back pain: a systematic literature review of 41 journal articles reporting 47 epidemiologic studies","volume":"24","author":"Leboeuf-Yde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199507150-00001","article-title":"The effect of nicotine on spinal fusion","volume":"20","author":"Silcox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200010150-00011","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on spinal fusion","volume":"25","author":"Glassman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112010-00018","article-title":"Smoking as a predictor of negative outcome in lumbar spinal fusion","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511023331807","article-title":"Nicotine medication for smoking cessation","volume":"333","author":"Henningfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006103.pub2","article-title":"Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation","author":"Cahill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib11","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation","author":"Sigaly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib12","first-page":"779","article-title":"Low back pain and lifestyle","volume":"24","author":"Leboeuf-Yde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6S","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03342140","article-title":"The medial risks of obesity","volume":"12","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200405000-00009","article-title":"Obesity and the impact of chronic pain","volume":"63","author":"Marcus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000248432.84423.65","article-title":"Is obesity overrated as a \u201crisk factor\u201d for poor outcomes in chronic occupational spinal disorders?","volume":"31","author":"Mayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00155-9","article-title":"Back pain and obesity in the 1958 British birth cohort","volume":"53","author":"Lake","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00137.2005","article-title":"Role of physical activity in preventing and treating obesity","volume":"99","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8537(03)00084-1","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Stanton-Hicks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2003.50076","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of complex regional pain syndrome I: a conceptual framework","volume":"84","author":"Ribbers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000154905.18445.0F","article-title":"Management of peripheral pain","volume":"84","author":"Stacey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.09.043","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular risk","volume":"43","author":"Howard","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib22","series-title":"Concomitant use of ibuprofen and aspirin: potential for attenuation of the antiplatelet effect of aspirin","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2005.12.012","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"17","author":"Dugowson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000184155.77034.20","article-title":"Current status of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in physiatry: balancing risks and benefits in pain management","volume":"84","author":"Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.1.1","article-title":"Topical and peripherally acting analgesics","volume":"55","author":"Sawynok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000154906.87708.C9","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Harden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000154908.76436.C2","article-title":"Management of chronic low back pain","volume":"84","author":"Grabois","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.05.002","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of skeletal muscle relaxants for spasticity and musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Chou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2004.09.008","article-title":"Commonly used muscle relaxant therapies for acute low back pain: a review of carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, and metaxalone","volume":"26","author":"Toth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2005.12.005","article-title":"Muscle relaxants and antispasticity agents","volume":"17","author":"Meleger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-4-13","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of gabapentin in complex regional pain syndrome type 1","volume":"4","author":"van de Vusse","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib32","article-title":"Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and chronic pain","author":"Wiffen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2005.12.001","article-title":"Opioids in the treatment of chronic pain: legal framework and therapeutic indications and limitations","volume":"17","author":"Bloodworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000154907.30010.1B","article-title":"Issues in opioid management","volume":"84","author":"Bloodworth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005454","article-title":"Antidepressants for neuropathic pain","author":"Saarto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003726.pub3","article-title":"Tramadol for neuropathic pain","author":"Duhmke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.63.11_suppl_5.S12","article-title":"A multimodal approach to managing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Crayton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-001-0034-6","article-title":"Management of spasticity, pain and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Schapiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta7400","article-title":"Treatments for spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Beard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2005.01.001","article-title":"Chronic pain in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Ehde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999307018497?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999307018497?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T09:47:26Z","timestamp":1631094446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999307018497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999307018497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}