{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T12:36:55Z","timestamp":1775911015934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,28]],"date-time":"2012-01-28T19:33:01Z","timestamp":1327779181000},"page":"471-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Postural Adjustment of Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy During Seated Hand Reaching in Different Directions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Yun-Huei","family":"Ju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ing-Shiou","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong-Ju","family":"Cherng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220500112X","article-title":"Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005","volume":"47","author":"Bax","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib2","series-title":"Motor development in different types of cerebral palsy","author":"Bobath","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib3","first-page":"14","article-title":"The classification of the cerebral palsies","author":"Stanley","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib4","first-page":"87","article-title":"Expression of liberated motor activity (LMA) following manual immobilization of the head","author":"Amiel-Tison","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1357-1","article-title":"Head, arm and trunk coordination during reaching in children","volume":"188","author":"Sveistrup","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(96)00030-7","article-title":"Prehension with trunk assisted reaching","volume":"80","author":"Saling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1451-3","article-title":"Development of postural adjustment during reaching in sitting children","volume":"151","author":"van der Heide","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.10.023","article-title":"Deficits in upper-limb task performance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy as defined by 3-dimensional kinematics","volume":"87","author":"Mackey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.9.4.357","article-title":"Coordination of reaching in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy under different task demands","volume":"9","author":"Ricken","year":"2005","journal-title":"Motor Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.05.016","article-title":"Deviations in upper-limb function of the less-affected side in congenital hemiparesis","volume":"44","author":"Steenbergen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.07.014","article-title":"Trunk use and co-contraction in cerebral palsy as regulatory mechanisms for accuracy control","volume":"43","author":"van Roon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1716-x","article-title":"Trunk recruitment during spoon use in tetraparetic cerebral palsy","volume":"155","author":"van Roon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/17518420701303066","article-title":"The capacity to adapt to changing balance threats: a comparison of children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children","volume":"10","author":"Burtner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Neurorehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000157771.20683.14","article-title":"Kinematic characteristics of reaching movements in preterm children with cerebral palsy","volume":"57","author":"van der Heide","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060330","article-title":"Effect of seat surface inclination on postural control during reaching in preterm children with cerebral palsy","volume":"87","author":"Hadders-Algra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.04.001","article-title":"Effect of task constraint on reaching performance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"31","author":"Ju","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Deve Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2009.07.002","article-title":"Effect of seat surface inclination on postural stability and forward reaching efficiency in children with spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"30","author":"Cherng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib18","series-title":"Motor development in children: Aspects of coordination and control","first-page":"341","article-title":"Constraints on the development of coordination","author":"Newell","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PEP.0000067885.63909.5C","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a Pediatric Reach Test","volume":"15","author":"Bartlett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib20","series-title":"Gross Motor Function Classification System for cerebral palsy","author":"Palisano","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib21","series-title":"Gross Motor Function Measure manual","author":"Russell","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.03.003","article-title":"Reliability and comparison of electromyographic and kinetic measurements during a standing reach task in children with and without cerebral palsy","volume":"27","author":"Zaino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.39.4.317-325","article-title":"Effect of task goals on the reaching patterns of children with cerebral palsy","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9457(02)00104-5","article-title":"The role of task difficulty in the control of dynamic balance in children and adults","volume":"21","author":"Streepey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(02)00085-8","article-title":"Motor mechanisms of balance during quiet standing","volume":"13","author":"Winter","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0121","article-title":"Reach performance and postural adjustments during standing in children with severe spastic diplegic using dynamic ankle-foot orthoses","volume":"39","author":"N\u00e4slund","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00159.2001","article-title":"Coordinated turn-and-reach movements","volume":"89","author":"Pigeon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1321-0","article-title":"Kinetic analysis of arm reaching movements during voluntary and passive rotation of the torso","volume":"187","author":"Bortolami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J006v24n01_02","article-title":"Postural control in children: implications for pediatric practice","volume":"24","author":"Westcott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib30","series-title":"Physical therapy for children","first-page":"625","article-title":"Cerebral palsy","author":"Olney","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1992.tb14994.x","article-title":"Impaired anticipatory control of isometric forces during grasping by children with cerebral palsy","volume":"34","author":"Eliasson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.1996.11754113","article-title":"Application of motor learning principles to the stroke population","volume":"3","author":"Majsak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162201000974","article-title":"Influence of two different sitting positions on postural adjustments in children with spastic diplegia","volume":"43","author":"Brogren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(98)00032-0","article-title":"Muscle activation characteristics of stance balance control in children with spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"8","author":"Burtner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib35","series-title":"From basic motor control to functional recovery II: toward understanding of the role of motor control from simple system to human performance","first-page":"445","article-title":"Changes in qualitative performance associated with manual guidance provided during practice of a gross motor skill by children with cerebral palsy","author":"Ju","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004_bib36","series-title":"Progress in motor control: effects of age, disorder and rehabilitation","first-page":"55","article-title":"Development of turning and reaching","author":"Bate","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999311008884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999311008884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T15:59:26Z","timestamp":1543247966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999311008884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999311008884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}