{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:07:47Z","timestamp":1791331667441,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,10]],"date-time":"2013-05-10T05:31:00Z","timestamp":1368163860000},"page":"1800-1828.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":483,"title":["Effects of Exercise Training on Fitness, Mobility, Fatigue, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review to Inform Guideline Development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Latimer-Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara A.","family":"Pilutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey L.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Martin Ginis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa M.","family":"Fenuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Ann","family":"MacKibbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Motl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1192oa","article-title":"Regional variation of multiple sclerosis prevalence in Canada","volume":"11","author":"Beck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib2","first-page":"31","article-title":"The Canadian Burden of Illness Study Group. Burden of illness of multiple sclerosis. Part II: quality of life. The Canadian Burden of Illness Study Group","volume":"25","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280310001608591","article-title":"A review about the impact of multiple sclerosis on health-related quality of life","volume":"25","author":"Benito-Leon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0b013e3181e26c5f","article-title":"Symptom cluster and quality of life: preliminary evidence in multiple sclerosis","volume":"42","author":"Motl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib5","unstructured":"Multiple Sclerosis International Federation. Global economic impact of multiple sclerosis. Availible at: http:\/\/www.msif.org\/includes\/documents\/cm_docs\/2011\/g\/global_economic_impact_of_ms.pdf?f=1. Accessed July 3, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507079126","article-title":"Worsening of symptoms is associated with lower physical activity levels in individuals with multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Motl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181f44fab","article-title":"Physical activity and irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Motl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20396","article-title":"Symptom cluster and physical activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Motl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508096680","article-title":"High frequency of adverse health behaviors in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Marrie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090345","article-title":"Physical activity behavior of people with multiple sclerosis: understanding how they can become more physically active","volume":"90","author":"Beckerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1188oa","article-title":"Physical activity and multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Motl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"12 Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90215-X","article-title":"Health promotion practices of women with multiple sclerosis","volume":"78","author":"Stuifbergen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2011.01634.x","article-title":"Physical activity and multiple sclerosis: new insights regarding inactivity","volume":"126","author":"Sandroff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-005-0498-2","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and lifestyle factors: the Hordaland Health Study","volume":"26","author":"Nortvedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib15","first-page":"5","article-title":"Physical exercise and MS recommendations","volume":"16","author":"Dalgas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int MS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib16","series-title":"ACSM's resources for clinical exercise physiology. Musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, neoplastic, immunologic, and hematologic conditions","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib17","series-title":"From science to physical activity guidelines","author":"Tremblay","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.091714","article-title":"Development of the AGREE II, part 1: performance, usefulness and areas for improvement","volume":"182","author":"Brouwers","year":"2010","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib19","series-title":"Physical activity and health","first-page":"3","article-title":"Why study physical activity and health?","author":"Bouchard","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507080464","article-title":"Effect of exercise training on quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Motl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308320641","article-title":"Effect of exercise training on walking mobility in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Snook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507079445","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and physical exercise: recommendations for the application of resistance-, endurance- and combined training","volume":"14","author":"Dalgas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00131-0","article-title":"The Delphi list: a criteria list for quality assessment of randomized clinical trials for conducting systematic reviews developed by Delphi consensus","volume":"51","author":"Verhagen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507073385","article-title":"The effects of upper body exercise on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Valent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377","article-title":"The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions","volume":"52","author":"Downs","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib26","unstructured":"Eng JJ, Teasell RW, Miller W, et al. The Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence (SCIRE) 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.scireproject.com. Accessed May 9,\u00a02012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib27","series-title":"Exercise physiology energy, nutrition, and human performance","author":"McArdle","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00598.x","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions, aerobic capacity, fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"114","author":"Koseoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.06.063","article-title":"Aerobic fitness is associated with gray matter volume and white matter integrity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1341","author":"Prakash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200206000-00001","article-title":"Coronary heart disease risk between active and inactive women with multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Slawta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390405","article-title":"Impact of aerobic training on fitness and quality of life in multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Petajan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.06.003","article-title":"The effects of home-based resistance exercise on balance, power, and mobility in adults with multiple sclerosis","volume":"85","author":"DeBolt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506073780","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and brief moderate exercise. A randomised study","volume":"13","author":"Bjarnadottir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00954.2007","article-title":"Cytokine responses to acute and chronic exercise in multiple sclerosis","volume":"104","author":"Castellano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.08.008","article-title":"Combined exercise training reduces IFN-gamma and IL-17 levels in the plasma and the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Golzari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458502ms779oa","article-title":"Effects of a short-term exercise training program on aerobic fitness, fatigue, health perception and activity level of subjects with multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Mostert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060085","article-title":"Effect of aerobic training on walking capacity and maximal exercise tolerance in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized crossover controlled study","volume":"87","author":"Rampello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib38","first-page":"183","article-title":"Gait characteristics of individuals with multiple sclerosis before and after a 6-month aerobic training program","volume":"36","author":"Rodgers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.06.009","article-title":"Impact of aerobic training on immune-endocrine parameters, neurotrophic factors, quality of life and coordinative function in multiple sclerosis","volume":"225","author":"Schulz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/15438629709512089","article-title":"Change in aerobic fitness of patients with multiple sclerosis during a 6-month training program","volume":"7","author":"Ponichtera-Mulcare","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sports Med Train Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181d3e71f","article-title":"Cycling progressive resistance training for people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study","volume":"89","author":"Cakt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib42","first-page":"98","article-title":"Combination of aerobic and resistant training in multiple sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Konecny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scr Med (Brno)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512437418","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and progressive resistance training: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Kjolhede","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.05.011","article-title":"Environmental barriers to and availability of healthy foods for people with mobility disabilities living in urban and suburban neighborhoods","volume":"89","author":"Mojtahedi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5337-6","article-title":"Predictors and prevalence of low bone mineral density in fully ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"257","author":"Steffensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510391339","article-title":"Effects of long-term resistance training and simultaneous electro-stimulation on muscle strength and functional mobility in multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Broekmans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bf98b4","article-title":"Resistance training improves muscle strength and functional capacity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"73","author":"Dalgas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509360040","article-title":"Fatigue, mood and quality of life improve in MS patients after progressive resistance training","volume":"16","author":"Dalgas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)65699-4","article-title":"The effect of weighted leg raises on quadriceps strength, EMG parameters and functional activities in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"85","author":"Harvey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000145761.38400.65","article-title":"Effects of a 6-month exercise program on patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized study","volume":"63","author":"Romberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1105944","article-title":"Effects of resistance training in multiple sclerosis","volume":"30","author":"de Souza-Teixeira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1519-2","article-title":"Enhanced neural drive after maximal strength training in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"110","author":"Fimland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.16.2.143","article-title":"Effects of a resistance training program in multiple sclerosis Spanish patients: a pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Perez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280500531834","article-title":"Progressive resistance exercise for people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510600727686","article-title":"Effect of resistance training on risk of coronary artery disease in women with multiple sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31820b5a9d","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity resistance training on strength, mobility, balance, and fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Hayes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507082358","article-title":"Robot-assisted gait training in multiple sclerosis: a pilot randomized trial","volume":"14","author":"Beer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.5.653","article-title":"Effects of an aquatic fitness program on the muscular strength and endurance of patients with multiple-sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Gehlsen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.03.0038","article-title":"Decreased central fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients after 8 weeks of surface functional electrical stimulation","volume":"48","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib60","first-page":"143","article-title":"Effects of electrically stimulated exercise training on muscle function in multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Kent-Braun","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0397","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling of patients with multiple sclerosis: biomechanical and functional outcome\u2014a pilot study","volume":"41","author":"Szecsi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2165\/11591150-000000000-00000","article-title":"Impact of walking impairment in multiple sclerosis: perspectives of patients and care partners","volume":"4","author":"LaRocca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Patient"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610374117","article-title":"Possible clinical outcome measures for clinical trials in patients with multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders","volume":"3","author":"Goldman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S10480","article-title":"Walking impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis: exercise training as a treatment option","volume":"6","author":"Motl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01152.x","article-title":"Endurance exercise improves walking distance in MS patients with fatigue","volume":"120","author":"Dettmers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/01823246-200920010-00002","article-title":"The effects of a twelve-week home walking program on cardiovascular parameters and fatigue perception of individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Geddes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiopulm Phys Ther J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.064410","article-title":"Treadmill training for individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot randomised trial","volume":"77","author":"van den Berg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510391836","article-title":"Exercise for multiple sclerosis: a single-blind randomized trial comparing three exercise intensities","volume":"17","author":"Collett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr839oa","article-title":"A pilot study of the effect of aerobic exercise on people with moderate disability multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Kileff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215510375908","article-title":"Comparing endurance- and resistance-exercise training in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Sabapathy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.307","article-title":"Group exercise classes in people with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Freeman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308318473","article-title":"Improving gait in multiple sclerosis using robot-assisted, body weight supported treadmill training","volume":"22","author":"Lo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310372139","article-title":"A home-based walking program using rhythmic auditory stimulation improves gait performance in patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"24","author":"Conklyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1088oa","article-title":"Resistance training improves strength and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"White","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib75","first-page":"20","article-title":"Group exercise training approach to multiple sclerosis rehabilitation","volume":"4","author":"Mutluay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nobel Medicus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.08.027","article-title":"Effects of 12 weeks of supported treadmill training on functional ability and quality of life in progressive multiple sclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"92","author":"Pilutti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib77","first-page":"22","article-title":"Effects of an aquatic exercise program on functional mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a community-based study","volume":"18","author":"Salem","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Aquat Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.507855","article-title":"Community-based group aquatic programme for individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Salem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510378126","article-title":"The effect of core stability training on balance and mobility in ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis: a multi-centre series of single case studies","volume":"16","author":"Freeman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib80","series-title":"Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a guide to diagnosis and management","author":"Krupp","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000129534.88602.5C","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of yoga and exercise in multiple sclerosis","volume":"62","author":"Oken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2008-23204","article-title":"The positive effects of a physical activity program for multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue","volume":"23","author":"Fragoso","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507082283","article-title":"Long-term benefits of exercising on quality of life and fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients with mild disability: a pilot study","volume":"22","author":"McCullagh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.23.2.122","article-title":"Can aerobic exercise training affect health-related quality of life for people with multiple sclerosis?","volume":"23","author":"Sutherland","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPT.0000281186.94382.90","article-title":"Effects of an aquatics exercise program on quality of life measures for individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Roehrs","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.03.006","article-title":"Influence of sports climbing and yoga on spasticity, cognitive function, mood and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"112","author":"Velikonja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.03.0035","article-title":"Effect of robot-assisted versus conventional body-weight-supported treadmill training on quality of life for people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"48","author":"Wier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70166-6","article-title":"Quality of life and its assessment in multiple sclerosis: integrating physical and psychological components of wellbeing","volume":"4","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00450.x","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and its relationship to cognitive and emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"9","author":"Benito-Leon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500802241902","article-title":"Physical activity and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: intermediary roles of disability, fatigue, mood, pain, self-efficacy and social support","volume":"14","author":"Motl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506072188","article-title":"Enhancing physical activity adherence and well-being in multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"McAuley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0759-2","article-title":"Long-term exercise improves functional impairment but not quality of life in multiple sclerosis","volume":"252","author":"Romberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib93","unstructured":"Latimer-Cheung AE, Martin Ginis, KA Hicks AL, et al. The development of evidence-informed physical activity guidelines for adults with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil; in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073-13.1.16","article-title":"Most common types of physical activity self-selected by people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Weikert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J MS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr780oa","article-title":"Effects of aerobic and strength exercise on motor fatigue in men and women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Surakka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510377222","article-title":"Muscle fiber size increases following resistance training in multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Dalgas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508101877","article-title":"What does a structured review of the effectiveness of exercise interventions for persons with multiple sclerosis tell us about the challenges of designing trials?","volume":"15","author":"Asano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.5106.2010390","article-title":"Responsiveness of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to disease progression and therapeutic intervention in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis","volume":"51","author":"Cadavid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.5.1027","article-title":"Kurtzke scales revisited: the application of psychometric methods to clinical intuition","volume":"123","author":"Hobart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511409612","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction and multiple sclerosis: developing a rationale for considering the efficacy of exercise training","volume":"17","author":"Motl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511409084","article-title":"Progressive resistance training did not improve walking but can improve muscle performance, quality of life and fatigue in adults with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Dodd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multi Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-011-0136-4","article-title":"Exercise in multiple sclerosis\u2014an integral component of disease management","volume":"3","author":"Doring","year":"2011","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2010.09.002","article-title":"Feasibility and effects of a group kickboxing program for individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot report","volume":"16","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.05.006","article-title":"Effect of aquatic exercise training on fatigue and health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"93","author":"Kargarfard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215511423946","article-title":"The effects of a 12-week leisure centre-based, group exercise intervention for people moderately affected with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Learmonth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e3182477c92","article-title":"Combined training improves walking mobility in persons with significant disability from multiple sclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Motl","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.136","article-title":"The benefits of exercise training in multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Motl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0149-z","article-title":"Physical activity, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis: analysis of associations between individual-level changes over one year","volume":"22","author":"Motl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285611430719","article-title":"Exercise and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: can exercise slow down the progression of multiple sclerosis?","volume":"5","author":"Dalgas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511401120","article-title":"The effect of exercise therapy on fatigue in multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Andreasen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999313003614?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999313003614?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T05:29:53Z","timestamp":1745990993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999313003614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999313003614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of Exercise Training on Fitness, Mobility, Fatigue, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review to Inform Guideline Development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}