{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:21:39Z","timestamp":1790940099867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T12:15:42Z","timestamp":1498220142000},"page":"S40-S49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Traumatic Brain Injury Severity, Comorbidity, Social Support, Family Functioning, and Community Reintegration Among Veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4196-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Pugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia A.","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen F.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blessen C.","family":"Eapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Dillahunt-Aspillaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Amuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana E.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin P.","family":"Finley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan H.","family":"Grafman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib1","first-page":"2","volume":"22","author":"Brundage","year":"2015","journal-title":"MSMR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000118033.07952.8C","article-title":"Describing quality of life and psychosocial outcomes after traumatic brain injury","volume":"83","author":"Kalpakjian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2016.1219055","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of comorbidity trajectories associated with traumatic brain injury in veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars","volume":"30","author":"Pugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9402-8","article-title":"Subgroups of US IRAQ and Afghanistan veterans: associations with traumatic brain injury and mental health conditions","volume":"9","author":"Jaramillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000059","article-title":"Complex comorbidity clusters in OEF\/OIF veterans: the polytrauma clinical triad and beyond","volume":"52","author":"Pugh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318245a558","article-title":"Prevalence and costs of co-occurring traumatic brain injury with and without psychiatric disturbance and pain among Afghanistan and Iraq War Veteran V.A. users","volume":"50","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000020","article-title":"US population estimates of health and social outcomes 5 years after rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Corrigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050410001675906","article-title":"Understanding the \u201cmiserable minority\u201d: a diasthesis-stress paradigm for post-concussional syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Wood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709990841","article-title":"Symptom complaints following combat-related traumatic brain injury: relationship to traumatic brain injury severity and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"16","author":"Belanger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000092","article-title":"Associations between traumatic brain injury, suspected psychiatric conditions, and unemployment in Operation Enduring Freedom\/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans","volume":"31","author":"Pogoda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181c13413","article-title":"Social functioning after traumatic brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Temkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050010013662","article-title":"Psychosocial functioning during the year following severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Kersel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3109\/02699059309008165","article-title":"Psychosocial outcome in patients with moderate to severe head injury: 2-year follow-up","volume":"7","author":"Dikmen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-061610-154046","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury and its neuropsychiatric sequelae in war veterans","volume":"63","author":"Sayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1113567","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury among military veterans: successes and challenges","volume":"30","author":"Schulz-Heik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2010.61.6.589","article-title":"Reintegration problems and treatment interests among Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans receiving VA medical care","volume":"61","author":"Sayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-73","article-title":"What pre-deployment and early post-deployment factors predict health function after combat deployment?: a prospective longitudinal study of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)\/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) soldiers","volume":"11","author":"McAndrew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1124","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of U.S. service members returning from Afghanistan and Iraq: is physical health worsening over time?","volume":"12","author":"Falvo","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-013-0023-0","article-title":"Rehabilitation Care of Combat Related TBI: Veterans Health Administration Polytrauma System of Care","volume":"1","author":"Eapen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31828b50db","article-title":"Screening for a remote history of mild traumatic brain injury: when a good idea is bad","volume":"28","author":"Vanderploeg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182005de3","article-title":"Reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the VA traumatic brain injury screening tool","volume":"26","author":"Donnelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.17.080191.001301","article-title":"The design and administration of mail surveys","volume":"17","author":"Dillman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Rev Sociol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib25","series-title":"Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method","author":"Dillman","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21868","article-title":"Deployment risk and resilience inventory-2 (DRRI-2): an updated tool for assessing psychosocial risk and resilience factors among service members and veterans","volume":"26","author":"Vogt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20706","article-title":"Military to civilian questionnaire: a measure of postdeployment community reintegration difficulty among veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs medical care","volume":"24","author":"Sayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20483","article-title":"Psychiatric diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans screened for deployment-related traumatic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Carlson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2009-0450","article-title":"Relationship of race\/ethnicity and income to community integration following traumatic brain injury: investigation in a non-rehabilitation trauma sample","volume":"24","author":"Sander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1321-5","article-title":"Consequences of PTSD for the work and family quality of life of female and male U.S. Afghanistan and Iraq War veterans","volume":"52","author":"Vogt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000045","article-title":"The prevalence of epilepsy and association with traumatic brain injury in veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars","volume":"30","author":"Pugh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999317304136?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999317304136?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T19:39:00Z","timestamp":1602358740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999317304136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999317304136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Traumatic Brain Injury Severity, Comorbidity, Social Support, Family Functioning, and Community Reintegration Among Veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}