{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:27:03Z","timestamp":1787995623752,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T10:55:39Z","timestamp":1512644139000},"page":"862-872.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Comparison of Neuroplastic Responses to Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation in Subacute Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2373-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Nicolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Magnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pedrazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gijs","family":"Plomp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Mottaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Schnider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian G.","family":"Guggisberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-6-8","article-title":"Using non-invasive brain stimulation to augment motor training-induced plasticity","volume":"6","author":"Bolognini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0530","article-title":"Technology insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology-perspectives on the therapeutic potential of rTMS and tDCS","volume":"3","author":"Fregni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.05.005","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation improves paretic limb force production: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.04.067","article-title":"Multiple sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation and upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Tedesco Triccas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00265","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation: an interventional tool for enhancing behavioral training after stroke","volume":"9","author":"Wessel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.04.009","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying transcranial direct current stimulation in rehabilitation","volume":"58","author":"Roche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00378","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation: local and distant effects for motor recovery","volume":"8","author":"Liew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib8","first-page":"411","article-title":"Optimizing recovery potential through simultaneous occupational therapy and non-invasive brain-stimulation using tDCS","volume":"29","author":"Nair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02746.x","article-title":"Role of 1 and 3 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function recovery after acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Khedr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12574","article-title":"Safety review of transcranial direct current stimulation in stroke","volume":"20","author":"Russo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e318205135f","article-title":"Safety of theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Oberman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.645382","article-title":"Modulation of training by single-session transcranial direct current stimulation to the intact motor cortex enhances motor skill acquisition of the paretic hand","volume":"43","author":"Zimerman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.029","article-title":"Modulating cortical connectivity in stroke patients by rTMS assessed with fMRI and dynamic causal modeling","volume":"50","author":"Grefkes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182436558","article-title":"Low-frequency rTMS promotes use-dependent motor plasticity in chronic stroke: a randomized trial","volume":"78","author":"Avenanti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000177010.44602.5e","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere in stroke patients","volume":"16","author":"Fregni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0181","article-title":"Inhibition of the unaffected motor cortex by 1 Hz repetitive transcranical magnetic stimulation enhances motor performance and training effect of the paretic hand in patients with chronic stroke","volume":"40","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.583278","article-title":"Combining theta burst stimulation with training after subcortical stroke","volume":"41","author":"Ackerley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311413906","article-title":"Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and robot-assisted arm training in subacute stroke patients: an exploratory, randomized multicenter trial","volume":"25","author":"Hesse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312437940","article-title":"Theta burst stimulation in the rehabilitation of the upper limb: a semirandomized, placebo-controlled trial in chronic stroke patients","volume":"26","author":"Talelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs147","article-title":"The role of interneuron networks in driving human motor cortical plasticity","volume":"23","author":"Hamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.04.052","article-title":"Response variability to non-invasive brain stimulation protocols","volume":"126","author":"Hordacre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00181","article-title":"The contribution of interindividual factors to variability of response in transcranial direct current stimulation studies","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.033","article-title":"Variability of behavioural responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation: origins and predictors","volume":"74","author":"Nicolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12334","article-title":"Network mechanisms of responsiveness to continuous theta-burst stimulation","volume":"38","author":"Rizk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.043","article-title":"Inter- and intra-subject variability of motor cortex plasticity following continuous theta-burst stimulation","volume":"304","author":"Vallence","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.003","article-title":"Variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"7","author":"Wiethoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.033","article-title":"Transcallosal inhibition in chronic subcortical stroke","volume":"28","author":"Duque","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21228","article-title":"Cortical connectivity after subcortical stroke assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"63","author":"Grefkes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10848","article-title":"Influence of interhemispheric interactions on motor function in chronic stroke","volume":"55","author":"Murase","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00214","article-title":"Role of the contralesional hemisphere in post-stroke recovery of upper extremity motor function","volume":"6","author":"Buetefisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.03.008","article-title":"TMS measures of motor cortex function after stroke: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"McDonnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.06.015","article-title":"Primary motor cortex excitability during recovery after stroke: implications for neuromodulation","volume":"8","author":"Stinear","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib34","article-title":"Plasticity of sensorimotor networks: multiple overlapping mechanisms","author":"Buch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6062","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-14-06062.2002","article-title":"Synchronous neuronal activity is a signal for axonal sprouting after cortical lesions in the adult","volume":"22","author":"Carmichael","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.024","article-title":"The behavioral significance of coherent resting-state oscillations after stroke","volume":"61","author":"Dubovik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv200","article-title":"Coherent neural oscillations predict future motor and language improvement after stroke","volume":"138","author":"Nicolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.04.011","article-title":"Induction of late LTP-like plasticity in the human motor cortex by repeated non-invasive brain stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Monte-Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00235-9","article-title":"Safety criteria for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in humans","volume":"114","author":"Nitsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.12.003","article-title":"Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): a tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation","volume":"117","author":"Gandiga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.552323","article-title":"One session of repeated parietal theta burst stimulation trains induces long-lasting improvement of visual neglect","volume":"40","author":"Nyffeler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.09.011","article-title":"Repetitive TMS over the human oculomotor cortex: comparison of 1-Hz and theta burst stimulation","volume":"409","author":"Nyffeler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.05.001","article-title":"A comparison of two different continuous theta burst stimulation paradigms applied to the human primary motor cortex","volume":"123","author":"Goldsworthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07924.x","article-title":"The application of spaced theta burst protocols induces long-lasting neuroplastic changes in the human motor cortex","volume":"35","author":"Goldsworthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197771331","article-title":"The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. A method for evaluation of physical performance","volume":"7","author":"Fugl-Meyer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.39.6.386","article-title":"Adult norms for the Box and Block Test of manual dexterity","volume":"39","author":"Mathiowetz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.57.5.570","article-title":"Adult norms for a commercially available Nine Hole Peg Test for finger dexterity","volume":"57","author":"Oxford Grice","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80146-X","article-title":"Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations","volume":"9","author":"Mathiowetz","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307305302","article-title":"Inter-individual variability in the capacity for motor recovery after ischemic stroke","volume":"22","author":"Prabhakaran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314562115","article-title":"Generalizability of the proportional recovery model for the upper extremity after an ischemic stroke","volume":"29","author":"Winters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000185928.90848.2e","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the upper-extremity Motor Activity Log-14 for measuring real-world arm use","volume":"36","author":"Uswatte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2619665","article-title":"Directed functional brain connectivity based on EEG source imaging: methodology and application to temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"63","author":"Coito","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.04.016","article-title":"The physiological plausibility of time-varying Granger-causal modeling: normalization and weighting by spectral power","volume":"97","author":"Plomp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.076","article-title":"Localization of cortico-peripheral coherence with electroencephalography","volume":"57","author":"Guggisberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"056131","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.70.056131","article-title":"Analysis of weighted networks","volume":"70","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00249-0","article-title":"Group imaging of task-related changes in cortical synchronisation using nonparametric permutation testing","volume":"19","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3834-03.2004","article-title":"Efficacy of rehabilitative experience declines with time after focal ischemic brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Biernaskie","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.01.004","article-title":"Growth-associated gene expression after stroke: evidence for a growth-promoting region in peri-infarct cortex","volume":"193","author":"Carmichael","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312440745","article-title":"Getting neurorehabilitation right: what can be learned from animal models?","volume":"26","author":"Krakauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh713","article-title":"Multimodal imaging of brain reorganization in motor areas of the contralesional hemisphere of well recovered patients after capsular stroke","volume":"129","author":"Gerloff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib61","first-page":"461","article-title":"Improvement of dexterity by single session low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralesional motor cortex in acute stroke: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial","volume":"25","author":"Liepert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.6.741","article-title":"Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the contralesional primary motor cortex on movement kinematics and neural activity in subcortical stroke","volume":"65","author":"Nowak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312445635","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with physiotherapy in rehabilitation of poststroke hemiparesis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"26","author":"Seniow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00781.2010","article-title":"Modulation of motor cortex neuronal networks by rTMS: comparison of local and remote effects of six different protocols of stimulation","volume":"105","author":"Di Lazzaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.274316","article-title":"Corticospinal activity evoked and modulated by non-invasive stimulation of the intact human motor cortex","volume":"592","author":"Di Lazzaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-6-7","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation, synaptic plasticity and network oscillations","volume":"6","author":"Huerta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53497-2.00029-2","article-title":"Physics of effects of transcranial brain stimulation","volume":"116","author":"Miranda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200208000-00006","article-title":"Basic mechanisms of TMS","volume":"19","author":"Terao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00688","article-title":"Origins of specificity during tDCS: anatomical, activity-selective, and input-bias mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Bikson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.162","article-title":"Modulation of brain plasticity in stroke: a novel model for neurorehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"Di Pino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.10.029","article-title":"Rehabilitation and plasticity following stroke: insights from rodent models","volume":"311","author":"Caleo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.10.1499","article-title":"Functional and histologic changes after repeated transcranial direct current stimulation in rat stroke model","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.08.052","article-title":"Stroke and the connectome: how connectivity guides therapeutic intervention","volume":"83","author":"Silasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20845","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural repair after stroke: making waves","volume":"59","author":"Carmichael","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21393","article-title":"Repairing the human brain after stroke: I. Mechanisms of spontaneous recovery","volume":"63","author":"Cramer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2735","article-title":"Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour","volume":"10","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.02.018","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation accelerates recovery of function, induces neurogenesis and recruits oligodendrocyte precursors in a rat model of stroke","volume":"279","author":"Braun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43776","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043776","article-title":"Multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) elicits inflammatory and regenerative processes in the rat brain","volume":"7","author":"Rueger","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330re1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad5651","article-title":"Ipsilesional anodal tDCS enhances the functional benefits of rehabilitation in patients after stroke","volume":"8","author":"Allman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr313","article-title":"Cortical activation changes underlying stimulation-induced behavioural gains in chronic stroke","volume":"135","author":"Stagg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033","article-title":"Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2007.09.004","article-title":"A Matlab library for solving quasi-static volume conduction problems using the boundary element method","volume":"88","author":"Stenroos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib83","first-page":"5","article-title":"Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): technical details","volume":"24 Suppl D","author":"Pascual-Marqui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.004","article-title":"Three-dimensional locations and boundaries of motor and premotor cortices as defined by functional brain imaging: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mayka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12904","article-title":"Dynamic directed interictal connectivity in left and right temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Coito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20840","article-title":"Functional specialization and dynamic resource allocation in visual cortex","volume":"31","author":"Plomp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007990","article-title":"Partial directed coherence: a new concept in neural structure determination","volume":"84","author":"Baccala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/5\/2\/006","article-title":"Sensorimotor rhythm-based brain-computer interface (BCI): model order selection for autoregressive spectral analysis","volume":"5","author":"McFarland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-011-0739-x","article-title":"Review of the methods of determination of directed connectivity from multichannel data","volume":"49","author":"Blinowska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib91","series-title":"Digital spectral analysis: with applications","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)59009-0","article-title":"Analyzing event-related EEG data with multivariate autoregressive parameters","volume":"159","author":"Schlogl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.036","article-title":"Estimation of the cortical functional connectivity with the multimodal integration of high-resolution EEG and fMRI data by directed transfer function","volume":"24","author":"Babiloni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.873692","article-title":"Assessing cortical functional connectivity by partial directed coherence: simulations and application to real data","volume":"53","author":"Astolfi","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758973","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/758973","article-title":"MEG\/EEG Source Reconstruction, Statistical Evaluation, and Visualization with NUTMEG","volume":"2011","author":"Dalal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2003.820329","article-title":"Performance of an MEG adaptive-beamformer source reconstruction technique in the presence of additive low-rank interference","volume":"51","author":"Sekihara","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.04.029","article-title":"Identifying true brain interaction from EEG data using the imaginary part of coherency","volume":"115","author":"Nolte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2162514","article-title":"Removal of spurious coherence in MEG source-space coherence analysis","volume":"58","author":"Sekihara","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0845","article-title":"Spatial normalization of brain images with focal lesions using cost function masking","volume":"14","author":"Brett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000399931731393X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000399931731393X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T07:00:15Z","timestamp":1757746815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000399931731393X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S000399931731393X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of Neuroplastic Responses to Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation in Subacute Stroke","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}