{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T07:18:22Z","timestamp":1776755902399,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,28]],"date-time":"2018-04-28T02:00:37Z","timestamp":1524880837000},"page":"1982-1990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Balance Control and Energetics of Powered Exoskeleton-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Movement in Individuals With Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Hui-Fen","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsing-Po","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung-Wu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jwu-Sheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib1","series-title":"International perspectives on spinal cord injury","author":"Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90422-6","article-title":"Reciprocating gait orthoses: a multicenter study of their use by spinal cord injured patients","volume":"78","author":"Franceschini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.01.024","article-title":"Balance and ambulation improvements in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury using locomotor training\u2013based rehabilitation","volume":"93","author":"Harkema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101916","article-title":"Effect of lesion level on the orthotic gait performance in individuals with complete paraplegia","volume":"44","author":"Kawashima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.94","article-title":"Paraplegic locomotion: a review","volume":"34","author":"Nene","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib6","first-page":"223","article-title":"The continuity of orthosis use by paraplegics which had been prescribed during in-patient rehabilitation. Turkiye Fiziksel Tip Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi-Turkish","volume":"60","author":"Alemdaroglu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.7.688","article-title":"Locomotor training after human spinal cord injury: a series of case studies","volume":"80","author":"Behrman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.162","article-title":"The physiological cost index of walking with mechanical and powered gait orthosis in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"51","author":"Arazpour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515575166","article-title":"Lower-limb exoskeletons for individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: findings from a feasibility study","volume":"30","author":"Benson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318269d9a3","article-title":"The ReWalk powered exoskeleton to restore ambulatory function to individuals with thoracic-level motor-complete spinal cord injury","volume":"91","author":"Esquenazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1310\/sci2102-93","article-title":"Mobility outcomes following five training sessions with a powered exoskeleton","volume":"21","author":"Hartigan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.1.52","article-title":"Robotic-assisted, body-weight-supported treadmill training in individuals following motor incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"85","author":"Hornby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772312Y.0000000003","article-title":"Safety and tolerance of the ReWalk\u2122 exoskeleton suit for ambulation by people with complete spinal cord injury: a pilot study","volume":"35","author":"Zeilig","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2147\/MDER.S103102","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness and safety of powered exoskeleton-assisted walking in patients with spinal cord injury: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(10)61866-4","article-title":"Biomechanics of transfer from sitting to the standing position in some neuromuscular diseases","volume":"77","author":"Butler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90039-6","article-title":"Two strategies of transferring from sit-to-stand; the activation of monoarticular and biarticular muscles","volume":"27","author":"Doorenbosch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.11.037","article-title":"Dynamic balance control during sit-to-stand movement: an examination with the center of mass acceleration","volume":"45","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0945-9","article-title":"Region of stability derived by center of mass acceleration better identifies individuals with difficulty in sit-to-stand movement","volume":"42","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)80001-7","article-title":"The role of strength in rising from a chair in the functionally impaired elderly","volume":"29","author":"Hughes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib20","first-page":"409","article-title":"Chair rise strategy in the functionally impaired elderly","volume":"33","author":"Hughes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2005.08.0134","article-title":"Chair rise strategies in older adults with functional limitations","volume":"44","author":"Scarborough","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/70.10.638","article-title":"Whole-body movements during rising to standing from sitting","volume":"70","author":"Schenkman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237211002682","article-title":"Balance control during level walking in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed Eng-App Bas C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.05.023","article-title":"Influence of inclination angles on intra- and inter-limb load-sharing during uphill walking","volume":"39","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237214500719","article-title":"Biomechanical strategies and the loads in the lower limbs during downhill walking with different inclination angles","volume":"26","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Eng-App Bas C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.02.003","article-title":"Comparison of body\u2019s center of mass motion relative to center of pressure between treadmill and over-ground walking","volume":"53","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.09.030","article-title":"Effects of belt speed on the body\u2019s center of mass motion relative to the center of pressure during treadmill walking","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.9.866","article-title":"Determinants of the sit-to-stand movement: a review","volume":"82","author":"Janssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib29","series-title":"Guide to physical therapist practice","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2008-23304","article-title":"The interrater and intrarater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale in the assessment of muscle spasticity: limb and muscle group effect","volume":"23","author":"Ansari","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203630","article-title":"GPOWER: a general power analysis program","volume":"28","author":"Erdfelder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods Instr Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180dc9970","article-title":"Joint loading in the lower extremities during elliptical exercise","volume":"39","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330170405","article-title":"The anthropometry of the manual work space for the seated subject","volume":"17","author":"Dempster","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.03.005","article-title":"A new device for in situ static and dynamic calibration of force platforms","volume":"33","author":"Hsieh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2007.12.005","article-title":"Age and height effects on the center of mass and center of pressure inclination angles during obstacle-crossing","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib36","first-page":"229","article-title":"Control of body\u2019s center of mass motion during level walking and obstacle-crossing in older patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"26","author":"Hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-1195(86)90098-7","article-title":"A fortran package for generalized, cross-validatory spline smoothing and differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Woltring","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw Workst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib38","series-title":"Biomechanics and motor control of human movement","author":"Winter","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(94)90020-5","article-title":"Chair rise strategies in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Hughes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/71.6.473","article-title":"Influence of age on dynamics of rising from a chair","volume":"71","author":"Ikeda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-6362(94)90100-7","article-title":"Control of body centre of mass momentum during sit-to-stand among young and elderly adults","volume":"2","author":"Pai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gait Posture"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318302429?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318302429?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T10:21:29Z","timestamp":1604226089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999318302429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999318302429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Balance Control and Energetics of Powered Exoskeleton-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Movement in Individuals With Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}