{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T19:46:56Z","timestamp":1767383216832,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T05:27:24Z","timestamp":1525325244000},"page":"2222-2229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Impact of Stigma on Community Reintegration of Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury and the Well-Being of Their Caregivers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2091-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean M.","family":"Phelan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren R.","family":"Bangerter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Friedemann-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kandace A.","family":"Lackore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan A.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney H.","family":"Van Houtven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen F.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"van Ryn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin J.","family":"Harden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2008","series-title":"Invisible wounds of war","author":"Tanielian","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182274260","article-title":"The invisible side of war: families caring for U.S. service members with traumatic brain injuries and polytrauma","volume":"27","author":"Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5034\/inquiryjrnl_49.04.01","article-title":"Is policy well-targeted to remedy financial strain among caregivers of severely injured U.S. service members?","volume":"49","author":"Van Houtven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000207","article-title":"Burden and mental health among caregivers of veterans with traumatic brain injury\/polytrauma","volume":"87","author":"Griffin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2011.03.003","article-title":"Perceived stigma, strain, and mental health among caregivers of veterans with traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Phelan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2009.08.082","article-title":"Does the severity of the neurobehavioral effects of traumatic brain injury affect caregiver perceptions of discrimination?","volume":"3","author":"Phelan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710000524","article-title":"Community attitudes toward individuals with traumatic brain injury","volume":"16","author":"McLellan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167294202007","article-title":"When we observe stigmatized and \u201cnormal\u201d individuals interacting: stigma by association","volume":"20","author":"Neuberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026270","article-title":"The infection of bad company: stigma by association","volume":"102","author":"Pryor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230400017004","article-title":"Shame, blame, and contamination: a review of the impact of mental illness stigma on family members","volume":"13","author":"Corrigan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.20.2.239","article-title":"Blame, shame, and contamination: the impact of mental illness and drug dependence stigma on family members","volume":"20","author":"Corrigan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ap.32.2.87","article-title":"The stigma of families with mental illness","volume":"32","author":"Larson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033304","article-title":"Psychiatric Illness and family stigma","volume":"24","author":"Phelan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/32.5.656","article-title":"Caregiving: role engulfment and the loss of self","volume":"32","author":"Skaff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.12.0167","article-title":"Community-integrated brain injury rehabilitation: treatment models and challenges for civilian, military, and veteran populations","volume":"44","author":"Trudel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-005-4972-z","article-title":"Re-entry and reintegration: returning home after combat","volume":"76","author":"Doyle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/20.6.649","article-title":"Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden","volume":"20","author":"Zarit","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/41.5.652","article-title":"The Zarit Burden Interview: a new short version and screening version","volume":"41","author":"Bedard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0511","article-title":"Factor analysis and Rasch analysis of the Zarit Burden Interview for acquired brain injury career research","volume":"42","author":"Siegert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011","article-title":"The patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005\u20132008","volume":"63","author":"Cella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib21","first-page":"263","article-title":"Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS): depression, anxiety, and anger","volume":"18","author":"Pilkonis","year":"2011","journal-title":"ASMNT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2","article-title":"UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure","volume":"66","author":"Russell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"year":"1979","series-title":"Conceiving the self","author":"Rosenberg","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib23"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31829af969","article-title":"Participation assessment with recombined tools-objective (PART-O)","volume":"28","author":"Bogner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.11.014","article-title":"Comparison of scoring methods for the participation assessment with recombined tools-objective","volume":"92","author":"Bogner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.12.002","article-title":"Advancing the measurement of participation","volume":"92","author":"Whiteneck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.98.Supplement_1.S29","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies","volume":"98","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.12.1633","article-title":"Stigma as a barrier to recovery: the extent to which caregivers believe most people devalue consumers and their families","volume":"52","author":"Struening","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00785760","article-title":"Caring for relatives with serious mental illness: the development of the experience of caregiving inventory","volume":"31","author":"Szmukler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","article-title":"Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function","volume":"185","author":"Katz","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbs084","article-title":"Caregiving strain and all-cause mortality: evidence from the REGARDS study","volume":"68","author":"Perkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.08.025","article-title":"\u201cWe're tired, not sad\u201d: benefits and burdens of mothering a child with a disability","volume":"64","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00076-2","article-title":"Factors associated with caregiver burden in mental illness: a critical review of the research literature","volume":"19","author":"Baronet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90396-4","article-title":"Felt versus enacted stigma: a concept revisited. Evidence from a study of people with epilepsy in remission","volume":"38","author":"Jacoby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00316","article-title":"\u2018Everybody just freezes. Everybody is just embarrassed\u2019: felt and enacted stigma among parents of children with high functioning autism","volume":"24","author":"Gray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732306293992","article-title":"Managing shame and stigma: case studies of female carers of people with AIDS in southern Thailand","volume":"16","author":"Kittikorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2010.61.6.589","article-title":"Reintegration problems and treatment interests among Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans receiving VA medical care","volume":"61","author":"Sayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20706","article-title":"Military to civilian questionnaire: a measure of postdeployment community reintegration difficulty among veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs medical care","volume":"24","author":"Sayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000048","article-title":"Soldiers returning from deployment: a qualitative study regarding exposure, coping, and reintegration","volume":"60","author":"Brenner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1080\/026990599121052","article-title":"Coping with community reintegration after severe brain injury: a description of stresses and coping strategies","volume":"13","author":"Karlovits","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2307\/2955424","article-title":"On stigma and its consequences: evidence from a longitudinal study of men with dual diagnoses of mental illness and substance abuse","volume":"38","author":"Link","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2307\/2676342","article-title":"The effects of stigma on the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of persons with mental illness","volume":"39","author":"Markowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/089124191020003002","article-title":"The management of stigma by Alzheimer family caregivers","volume":"20","author":"Blum","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Contemp Ethnogr"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318302776?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318302776?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T19:07:41Z","timestamp":1541444861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999318302776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999318302776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-9993"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Impact of Stigma on Community Reintegration of Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury and the Well-Being of Their Caregivers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}