{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:13:08Z","timestamp":1773303188714,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T18:50:58Z","timestamp":1529347858000},"page":"1991-1997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Assessing Ventilatory Threshold in Individuals With Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8601-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason S.","family":"Au","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8114-5065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Sithamparapillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine D.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei V.","family":"Krassioukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen J.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey L.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.681","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy man and women: a meta-analysis","volume":"301","author":"Kodama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e653","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000461","article-title":"Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"134","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001203","article-title":"Modeling perceived exertion during graded arm cycling exercise in spinal cord injury","volume":"49","author":"Au","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101826","article-title":"Upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during and after rehabilitation in wheelchair-using persons with a spinal cord injury","volume":"44","author":"van Drongelen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.10.003","article-title":"Effects of circuit resistance training on fitness attributes and upper-extremity pain in middle-aged men with paraplegia","volume":"88","author":"Nash","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000514","article-title":"Peak heart rates and sympathetic function in tetraplegic nonathletes and athletes","volume":"47","author":"Currie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312465192","article-title":"The effects of an aerobic and resistance exercise training program on cognition following stroke","volume":"27","author":"Marzolini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1904-300","article-title":"Triceps brachii in incomplete tetraplegia: EMG and dynamometer evaluation of residual motor resources and capacity for strengthening","volume":"19","author":"Johanson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00187.2017","article-title":"Clinical VO2peak is \u201cpart of the deal.\u201d","volume":"122","author":"van Breda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00231.2017","article-title":"Reply to Drs. Van Breda et\u00a0al","volume":"122","author":"Poole","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199808000-00014","article-title":"The relationship between plasma lactate parameters, Wpeak and 1-h cycling performance in women","volume":"30","author":"Bishop","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830515","article-title":"Applications of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the management of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease","volume":"26","author":"Myers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1139\/h03-023","article-title":"Anaerobic threshold: the concept and methods of measurement","volume":"28","author":"Svedahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200111000-00007","article-title":"Validity and reliability of combining three methods to determine ventilatory threshold","volume":"33","author":"Gaskill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200011000-00022","article-title":"Ventilatory threshold: a useful method to determine aerobic fitness in children?","volume":"32","author":"Hebestreit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.01.156","article-title":"Associations of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events with oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold","volume":"236","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12183","article-title":"Comparing four non-invasive methods to determine the ventilatory anaerobic threshold during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children with congenital heart or lung disease","volume":"35","author":"Visschers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-2886-x","article-title":"Blood lactate and ventilatory thresholds in wheelchair athletes with tetraplegia and paraplegia","volume":"114","author":"Leicht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232010-00002","article-title":"Physiology of wheelchair racing in athletes with spinal cord injury","volume":"32","author":"Bhambhani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1179\/107902611X13186000420242","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)","volume":"34","author":"Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004224","article-title":"Effects of exercise on fitness and health of adults with spinal cord injury: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"van der Scheer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.05.011","article-title":"Aerobic capacity, orthostatic tolerance, and exercise perceptions at discharge from inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation","volume":"94","author":"Pelletier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.167","article-title":"A 16-week randomized controlled trial evaluating the physical activity guidelines for adults with spinal cord injury","volume":"53","author":"Pelletier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198315060-00015","article-title":"A category-ratio perceived exertion scale: relationship to blood and muscle lactates and heart rate","volume":"15","author":"Noble","year":"1983","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.09.032","article-title":"Correlation, agreement, and Bland-Altman analysis: statistical analysis of method comparison studies","volume":"148","author":"Bunce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib26","first-page":"333","article-title":"Ventilatory threshold during wheelchair exercise in untrained and endurance-trained subjects with quadriplegia","volume":"12","author":"Bhambhani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adapt Phys Act Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101475","article-title":"Effects of a wheelchair ergometer training programme on spinal cord-injured persons","volume":"41","author":"Bougenot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib28","first-page":"29","article-title":"Normative values and determinants of physical capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"Janssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib29","first-page":"419","article-title":"Ventilatory thresholds during wheelchair exercise in individuals with spinal cord injuries","volume":"33","author":"Coutts","year":"1995","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020","article-title":"A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange","volume":"60","author":"Beaver","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib31","series-title":"Advanced fitness assessment and exercise prescription","author":"Heyward","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181cf811d","article-title":"Submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing predicts complications and hospital length of stay in patients undergoing major elective surgery","volume":"251","author":"Snowden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050275","article-title":"Aerobic metabolism and cardioventilatory responses in paraplegic athletes during an incremental wheelchair exercise","volume":"76","author":"Vinet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.2.324","article-title":"Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure delays ventilatory anaerobic threshold and improves submaximal exercise performance","volume":"79","author":"Sullivan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-072","article-title":"Wheelchair propulsion: effects of experience and push strategy on efficiency and perceived exertion","volume":"33","author":"Lenton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085276","article-title":"End criteria for reaching maximal oxygen uptake must be strict and adjusted to sex and age: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Edvardsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318303630?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318303630?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T06:59:59Z","timestamp":1757746799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999318303630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999318303630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessing Ventilatory Threshold in Individuals With Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}