{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:02:28Z","timestamp":1790420548430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CDMRP Spinal Cord Injury Research Program","award":["W81XWH-14-1-0618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-14-1-0618"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005191","name":"Craig H. Neilsen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["315537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T12:50:10Z","timestamp":1544100610000},"page":"1042-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["What Lies Beneath: Why Some Pressure Injuries May Be Unpreventable for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"David P.","family":"Lemmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannette","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"Henzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"McDaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Graebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1020-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kath M.","family":"Bogie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib1","series-title":"Essentials of spinal cord injury","first-page":"158","article-title":"Interdisciplinary essentials in pressure ulcer management","author":"Bogie","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib2","first-page":"24","article-title":"National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Pressure ulcers: avoidable or unavoidable? Results of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Consensus Conference","volume":"57","author":"Black","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000050","article-title":"Unavoidable pressure injury: state of the science and consensus outcomes","volume":"41","author":"Edsberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90251-4","article-title":"Long-term medical complications after traumatic spinal cord injury: a regional model systems analysis","volume":"80","author":"McKinley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2007.02.004","article-title":"The prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.1990.04.0141","article-title":"The recovery characteristics of soft tissues following repeated loading","volume":"27","author":"Bader","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0815\/9\/1\/002","article-title":"Changes in transcutaneous oxygen tension as a result of prolonged pressures at the sacrum","volume":"9","author":"Bader","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Phys Physiol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.11.014","article-title":"Prevention of pressure ulcers among people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Groah","year":"2015","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib9","first-page":"119","article-title":"Sarcopenia or muscle modifications in neurologic diseases: a lexical or patophysiological difference?","volume":"49","author":"Carda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.1.350","article-title":"Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle within 6 months of injury","volume":"86","author":"Castro","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2013.03.003","article-title":"Not just quantity: gluteus maximus muscle characteristics in able-bodied and SCI individuals--implications for tissue viability","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52137-8.00014-0","article-title":"New concepts in the prevention of pressure sores","volume":"109","author":"Bogie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000363550.82058.7f","article-title":"The demographics of suspected deep tissue injury in the United States: an analysis of the International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Survey 2006-2009","volume":"23","author":"VanGilder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2011.00935.x","article-title":"Physiological measurements of tissue health; implications for clinical practice","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.03.025","article-title":"The effects of combined trunk and gluteal neuromuscular electrical stimulation on posture and tissue health in spinal cord injury","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib17","first-page":"141","article-title":"Early progressive changes in tissue viability in the seated spinal cord injured subject","volume":"33","author":"Bogie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.05.014","article-title":"The physiological response of skin tissues to alternating support pressures in able-bodied subjects","volume":"28","author":"Chai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1243\/PIME_PROC_1992_206_255_02","article-title":"Transcutaneous gas tensions in the sacrum during the acute phase of spinal cord injury","volume":"206","author":"Bogie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib20","first-page":"43","article-title":"Transcutaneous oximetry in clinical practice: consensus statements from an expert panel based on evidence","volume":"36","author":"Fife","year":"2009","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900601165256","article-title":"The false premise in measuring body-support interface pressures for preventing serious pressure ulcers","volume":"31","author":"Gefen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180706","article-title":"CT muscle imaging and the clinical assessment of neuromuscular disease","volume":"18","author":"Swash","year":"1995","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib24","volume":"Vol. 568","author":"Fung","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.66","article-title":"Occurrence and predictors of pressure ulcers during primary in-patient spinal cord injury rehabilitation","volume":"49","author":"Verschueren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000631","article-title":"Healthy life-years lost and excess bed-days due to 6 patient safety incidents: empirical evidence from English hospitals","volume":"55","author":"Hauck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2011.08.005","article-title":"US skin disease assessment: ulcer and wound care","volume":"30","author":"Markova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12443","article-title":"Estimating the costs associated with the management of patients with chronic wounds using linked routine data","volume":"13","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Wound J"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318315120?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318315120?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T06:37:32Z","timestamp":1565246252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999318315120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999318315120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What Lies Beneath: Why Some Pressure Injuries May Be Unpreventable for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}