{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T07:14:30Z","timestamp":1783149270418,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003061","name":"Erasmus Medisch Centrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T21:37:12Z","timestamp":1544477832000},"page":"1050-1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Exercise Therapy in Addition to an Orthosis Reduces Pain More Than an Orthosis Alone in Patients With Thumb Base Osteoarthritis: A Propensity Score Matching Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Robbert M.","family":"Wouters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5454-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Tsehaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harm P.","family":"Slijper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.R.","family":"Hovius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinier","family":"Feitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen","family":"Blomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berbel","family":"Sluijter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Schouten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk-Jan","family":"van der Avoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Walbeehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gijs","family":"van Couwelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guus","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Schipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Temming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"van Uchelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luitzen","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoline","family":"de Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Z\u00f6phel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinier","family":"Feitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiaan","family":"Souer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Hovius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thybout","family":"Moojen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xander","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"van Huis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Pennehouat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Schoneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"van Kooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbert","family":"Wouters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Zagt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folkert","family":"van Ewijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Moussault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"van Houwelingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Veltkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arenda te","family":"Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harm","family":"Slijper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud","family":"Selles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarry","family":"Porsius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Hovius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Spekreijse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Tsehaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Poelstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van der Oest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Evers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jak","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matijs","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper","family":"van Gestel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marloes ter","family":"Stege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menno","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Santegoets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Sieber-Rasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ton","family":"Gerritsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud W.","family":"Selles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023564","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of radiographic hand osteoarthritis and association with pain and disability (the Rotterdam study)","volume":"64","author":"Dahaghin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60243-2","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice","volume":"377","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150078","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and progression of hand osteoarthritis in the general population: the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study","volume":"70","author":"Haugen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq371","article-title":"Radiographic thumb osteoarthritis: frequency, patterns and associations with pain and clinical assessment findings in a community-dwelling population","volume":"50","author":"Marshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.08.047","article-title":"Conservative treatment of thumb base osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Spaans","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib6","unstructured":"Handchirurgie NV. Dutch Society for Surgery of the Hand (NVvH), Guideline for conservative and surgical treatment of the thumb base joint [Dutch]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dutch Hand Surgery Society. 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.996299","article-title":"Investigation of the effect of conservative interventions in thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Bertozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib8","first-page":"CD010388","article-title":"Exercise for hand osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Osteras","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(05)70005-2","article-title":"No difference between two splint and exercise regimens for people with osteoarthritis of the thumb: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"51","author":"Wajon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(00)80034-4","article-title":"Arthritis of the thumb basal joint complex","volume":"13","author":"Poole","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20427","article-title":"Systematic review of design and effects of splints and exercise programs in hand osteoarthritis","volume":"63","author":"Kjeken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.03.008","article-title":"An exercise program for carpometacarpal osteoarthritis based on biomechanical principles","volume":"25","author":"Valdes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.10.005","article-title":"Effects of a dynamic stability approach in conservative intervention of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: a retrospective study","volume":"26","author":"O'Brien","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.7.386","article-title":"The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: stability, deformity, and therapeutic intervention","volume":"33","author":"Neumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.12.038","article-title":"Innervation patterns of thumb trapeziometacarpal joint ligaments","volume":"37","author":"Hagert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00329","article-title":"Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the thumb carpometacarpal ligaments: a cadaveric study of ligament anatomy and histology","volume":"94","author":"Ladd","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.10.029","article-title":"Current concepts of the anatomy of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint","volume":"36","author":"Edmunds","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.09.114","article-title":"Postoperative rehabilitation following thumb base surgery: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"99","author":"Wouters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.10.028","article-title":"Surgical management of primary thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.04.044","article-title":"Comparison of arthroplasties with or without bone tunnel creation for thumb basal joint arthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib21","first-page":"CD004631","article-title":"Surgery for thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint) osteoarthritis","volume":"2","author":"Wajon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.06.019","article-title":"Ligament reconstruction arthroplasty for primary thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (weilby technique): prospective cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01344","article-title":"Trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis or trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction in primary trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(85)80201-X","article-title":"Tendon interposition arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb","volume":"10","author":"Eaton","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002560","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of percutaneous needle aponeurotomy and limited fasciectomy for Dupuytren\u2019s contracture: a multicenter observational study","volume":"138","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001320","article-title":"Collagenase clostridium histolyticum versus limited fasciectomy for Dupuytren\u2019s contracture: outcomes from a multicenter propensity score matched study","volume":"136","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib28","series-title":"Center for hand therapy, Guideline thumb base osteoarthritis (Richtlijn duimbasisartrose\/duimprogramma)","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2010.05.001","article-title":"A systematic review of conservative interventions for osteoarthritis of the hand","volume":"23","author":"Valdes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib30","first-page":"S240","volume":"63","author":"Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib31","first-page":"S189","volume":"63","author":"Poole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000034","article-title":"Determining the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire minimal clinically important difference by means of three methods","volume":"133","author":"London","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.11.001","article-title":"The minimal clinically important difference of the Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire","volume":"34","author":"Shauver","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib34","series-title":"American Society for Hand Therapists. Clinical assessment recommendations","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2003.10.008","article-title":"Reliability of thumb web measurements","volume":"17","author":"Murugkar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.10.028","article-title":"Palmar abduction: reliability of 6 measurement methods in healthy adults","volume":"34","author":"de Kraker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib37","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.10.004","article-title":"Correcting for partial verification bias: a comparison of methods","volume":"21","author":"de Groot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722","article-title":"A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values","volume":"83","author":"Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1203730","article-title":"The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials","volume":"367","author":"Little","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Zeger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1241","article-title":"Performance of weighted estimating equations for longitudinal binary data with drop-outs missing at random","volume":"21","author":"Preisser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2739","article-title":"The design versus the analysis of observational studies for causal effects: parallels with the design of randomized trials","volume":"26","author":"Rubin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f6409","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6409","article-title":"Making inferences on treatment effects from real world data: propensity scores, confounding by indication, and other perils for the unwary in observational research","volume":"347","author":"Freemantle","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.07.021","article-title":"Propensity-score matching in the cardiovascular surgery literature from 2004 to 2006: a systematic review and suggestions for improvement","volume":"134","author":"Austin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2580","article-title":"A comparison of the ability of different propensity score models to balance measured variables between treated and untreated subjects: a Monte Carlo study","volume":"26","author":"Austin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib49","series-title":"Applied linear statistical models","author":"Kutner","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242159","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/242159","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the wrist STT joint and radiocarpal joint","volume":"2012","author":"Wollstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318315168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999318315168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T13:17:42Z","timestamp":1762089462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999318315168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999318315168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exercise Therapy in Addition to an Orthosis Reduces Pain More Than an Orthosis Alone in Patients With Thumb Base Osteoarthritis: A Propensity Score Matching Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}