{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T01:37:56Z","timestamp":1784684276317,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007880","name":"Hopkins","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014673","name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001791","name":"Griffith University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001791","name":"Griffith University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T18:42:12Z","timestamp":1591123332000},"page":"1532-1540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["What Is the Impact of Engaging With Natural Environments Delivered Via Virtual Reality on the Psycho-emotional Health of People With Spinal Cord Injury Receiving Rehabilitation in Hospital? Findings From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3209-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndal","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Mallison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Grimbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izak","family":"Hollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Col","family":"Mackareth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.11.013","article-title":"Health outcomes and costs of acute traumatic spinal injury in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"18","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.02.027","article-title":"Prospective study of the occurrence of psychological disorders and comorbidities after spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Craig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2018.05.1232","article-title":"Effect of patient support on psychological and activity of daily living in patients with early spinal cord injury","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.15","article-title":"Anxiety prevalence following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Le","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.08.016","article-title":"Prevalence of depression after spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.016","article-title":"Depression after spinal cord injury: comorbidities, mental health service use, and adequacy of treatment","volume":"92","author":"Fann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029256","article-title":"Trajectories of resilience, depression, and anxiety following spinal cord injury","volume":"57","author":"Bonanno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/01.QMH.0000281064.60849.a6","article-title":"Why not ask the patient? An evaluation of the aesthetic surroundings in hospitals by patients","volume":"16","author":"Caspari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Manag Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib11","series-title":"Mental and behavioral health environments: measurement of building performance","author":"Shepley","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00799","article-title":"The role of emotional health in functional outcomes after orthopaedic surgery: extending the biopsychosocial model to orthopaedics","volume":"95","author":"Ayers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1179\/107902611X12971826988138","article-title":"Therapeutic recreation treatment time during inpatient rehabilitation","volume":"34","author":"Gassaway","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772312Y.0000000066","article-title":"Relationship of therapeutic recreation inpatient rehabilitation interventions and patient characteristics to outcomes following spinal cord injury: the SCIRehab project","volume":"35","author":"Cahow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.18666\/TRJ-2019-V53-I2-9144","article-title":"Therapeutic recreation outcomes during inpatient SCI rehabilitation: propensity score analysis of SCIRehab data","volume":"53","author":"Gassaway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Recreation J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.12.002","article-title":"Using the natural environment to address the psychosocial impact of neurological disability: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Lakhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2019.101321","article-title":"Brain activity, underlying mood and the environment: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Norwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.890747","article-title":"The effects of motivating interventions on rehabilitation outcomes in children and youth with acquired brain injuries: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Tatla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2018.05.1130","article-title":"Virtual-reality based tele-neurorehabilitation: balancing physical fidelity, challenge and immersion","volume":"61","author":"Kizony","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib20","first-page":"93","article-title":"Engaging the brain: the impact of natural versus urban scenes using novel EEG methods in an experimental setting","volume":"1","author":"Roe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.02.007","article-title":"Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze brain region activity when viewing landscapes","volume":"162","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.10.003","article-title":"Measurement of occupants' stress based on electroencephalograms (EEG) in twelve combined environments","volume":"88","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.06.001","article-title":"Wild or tended nature? The effects of landscape location and vegetation density on physiological and psychological responses","volume":"167","author":"Chiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-014-0627-z","article-title":"Effects of stimulation by three-dimensional natural images on prefrontal cortex and autonomic nerve activity: a comparison with stimulation using two-dimensional images","volume":"15","author":"Igarashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/17508975.2013.807765","article-title":"Exploration of neural correlates of restorative environment exposure through functional magnetic resonance","volume":"5","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Soto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intell Build Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.02.025","article-title":"Human brain activation in response to visual stimulation with rural and urban scenery pictures: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"408","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00531","article-title":"The use of virtual reality to facilitate mindfulness skills training in dialectical behavioral therapy for spinal cord injury: a case study","volume":"9","author":"Flores","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G\u2217 Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026","article-title":"The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population","volume":"114","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.39","article-title":"The association between injustice perception and psychological outcomes in an inpatient spinal cord injury sample: the mediating effects of anger","volume":"55","author":"Trost","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.12.020","article-title":"An exploration of modifiable risk factors for depression after spinal cord injury: which factors should we target?","volume":"93","author":"Bombardier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.050096","article-title":"The Depression Intensity Scale Circles (DISCs): a first evaluation of a simple assessment tool for depression in the context of brain injury","volume":"76","author":"Turner-Stokes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib34","article-title":"The simple difference formula: an approach to teaching nonparametric correlation","volume":"1","author":"Kerby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314533613","article-title":"The effect of combined somatosensory stimulation and task-specific training on upper limb function in chronic stroke: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Fleming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1147680","article-title":"The relationship between pain and mood following spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2018.09.006","article-title":"Virtual reality for spinal cord injury-associated neuropathic pain: systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Chi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib38","first-page":"S125","article-title":"Virtual reality pain control during burn wound debridement of combat-related burn injuries using robot-like arm mounted VR goggles","volume":"71","author":"Maani","year":"2011","journal-title":"The J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0102","article-title":"Virtual reality distraction for pain control during periodontal scaling and root planing procedures","volume":"140","author":"Furman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4632","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and mood states after spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib41","series-title":"Identifying structural barriers inhibiting the access and use of health services among people with spinal cord injury. Bold Ideas Better Solutions 2018 Symposium","author":"Lakhani","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/000841740707405S03","article-title":"Environmental factors and their role in community integration after spinal cord injury","volume":"74","author":"Lysack","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.04.025","article-title":"Differences in the community built environment influence poor perceived health among persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Botticello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999320303609?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999320303609?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T07:05:39Z","timestamp":1757747139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999320303609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999320303609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What Is the Impact of Engaging With Natural Environments Delivered Via Virtual Reality on the Psycho-emotional Health of People With Spinal Cord Injury Receiving Rehabilitation in Hospital? Findings From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}