{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:38:53Z","timestamp":1791545933353,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009580","name":"General Hospital of People\u2019s Liberation Army","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018FC-WJFWZX-2-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018FC-WJFWZX-2-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009580","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009580","name":"General Hospital of People\u2019s Liberation Army","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX19005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX19005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009580","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T09:17:06Z","timestamp":1610615826000},"page":"1775-1787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin A in Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Hui-Min","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Xiao","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Dan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke-Jia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000109","article-title":"Current evidence in the management of poststroke hemiplegic shoulder pain: a review","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.518563","article-title":"The prevalence of joint contractures, pressure sores, painful shoulder, other pain, falls, and depression in the year after a severely disabling stroke","volume":"39","author":"Sackley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib3","first-page":"924","article-title":"Prevalence and time course of post-stroke pain: a multicenter prospective hospital-based study","volume":"17","author":"Paolucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.04.007","article-title":"Left-sided hemiparesis, pain frequency, and decreased passive shoulder range of abduction are predictors of long-lasting poststroke shoulder pain","volume":"4","author":"Lindgren","year":"2012","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.05.019","article-title":"Multimodal and widespread somatosensory abnormalities in persistent shoulder pain in the first 6 months after stroke: an exploratory study","volume":"93","author":"Roosink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318214e976","article-title":"Underlying pathology and associated factors of hemiplegic shoulder pain","volume":"90","author":"Kalichman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1238","article-title":"Clinical and sonographic risk factors for hemiplegic shoulder pain: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000330657","article-title":"Enhanced-MRI and ultrasound evaluation of painful shoulder in patients after stroke: a pilot study","volume":"66","author":"Pompa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib9","first-page":"376","article-title":"MRI findings in the painful hemiplegic shoulder","volume":"39","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad J Chinese PLA Med Sch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib10","first-page":"CD009188","article-title":"Physical treatment interventions for managing spasticity after stroke","volume":"2","author":"Monaghan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00120","article-title":"Spasticity, motor recovery, and neural plasticity after stroke","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00442","article-title":"Rehabilitation of motor function after stroke: a multiple systematic review focused on techniques to stimulate upper extremity recovery","volume":"10","author":"Hatem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S221032","article-title":"Shock waves as a treatment modality for spasticity reduction and recovery improvement in post-stroke adults - current evidence and qualitative systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Dymarek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2016.1141492","article-title":"Effects of extracorporeal shock wave on upper and lower limb spasticity in post-stroke patients: a narrative review","volume":"23","author":"Dymarek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0860-1","article-title":"Is platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) effective in the treatment of acute muscle injuries? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Grassi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.02.002","article-title":"Subacromial corticosteroid injection on poststroke hemiplegic shoulder pain: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"93","author":"Rah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2016.40.5.835","article-title":"Effect of intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection on hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke","volume":"40","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21427","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a induces direct analgesic effects in chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"64","author":"Ranoux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033937","article-title":"Long term effects of intra-articular botulinum toxin A for refractory joint pain","volume":"9","author":"Mahowald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7093818","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A as a therapeutic agent against headache and related disorders","volume":"7","author":"Luvisetto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.101081","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for shoulder pain: a Cochrane systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215506072082","article-title":"A randomized controlled study of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain associated with spasticity","volume":"21","author":"Kong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.484048","article-title":"Intramuscular botulinum toxin-A reduces hemiplegic shoulder pain a randomized, double-blind, comparative study versus intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide","volume":"39","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0066","article-title":"Is botulinum toxin type A effective in the treatment of spastic shoulder pain in patients after stroke? A double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Marco","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.103341","article-title":"Treatment of shoulder pain in spastic hemiplegia by reducing spasticity of the subscapular muscle: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of botulinum toxin A","volume":"78","author":"Yelnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31826ecb02","article-title":"Does botulinum toxin type A decrease pain and lessen disability in hemiplegic survivors of stroke with shoulder pain and spasticity?: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Marciniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib27","first-page":"406","article-title":"Effect of botulinum toxin type A injection in treatment of scapulalgia after stroke","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Educ Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib28","first-page":"48","article-title":"An observation of efficacy for intra-articular injection of botulinum toxin type A on post-stroke shoulder pain","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib29","first-page":"534","article-title":"Clinical study of the effects of botulinum toxin injection on shoulder pain following stroke under ultrasonography","volume":"38","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Navy Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04334-4","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of intramuscular botulinum toxin type-A injection into the pectoralis major and the teres major muscles and suprascapular nerve block for hemiplegic shoulder pain: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Kasapo\u011flu-Aksoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.06.018","article-title":"Effectiveness of botulinum toxin for shoulder pain treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib32","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","first-page":"187","author":"Higgins","year":"2008"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw282","article-title":"Key parameters for the use of abobotulinumtoxina in aesthetics: onset and duration","volume":"37","author":"Nestor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.01.015","article-title":"Efficacy of intra-articular injection of botulinum toxin type A in refractory hemiplegic shoulder pain","volume":"92","author":"Castiglione","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2008000200014","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for refractory post-stroke shoulder pain","volume":"66","author":"Pedreira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017933","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of ultrasound guided subacromial-subdeltoid bursa injection of botulinum toxin type A in hemiplegic shoulder pain: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8346432","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8346432","article-title":"The effect of kinesiology taping on the hemiplegic shoulder pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2018","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.899684","article-title":"Sonographic evaluation of structural changes in post-stroke hemiplegic shoulders","volume":"82","author":"Idowu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200211001-00002","article-title":"Therapeutic use of botulinum toxins: background and history","volume":"18","author":"Setler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2071-2","article-title":"Central antinociceptive activity of peripherally applied botulinum toxin type A in lab rat model of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4981","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5490-08.2009","article-title":"Activation of TRPV1 mediates calcitonin gene-related peptide release, which excites trigeminal sensory neurons and is attenuated by a retargeted botulinum toxin with anti-nociceptive potential","volume":"29","author":"Meng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.07.010","article-title":"Reduction of TRPV1 expression in the trigeminal system by botulinum neurotoxin type-A","volume":"48","author":"Shimizu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib43","first-page":"378","article-title":"Tendon ruptures associated with corticosteroid therapy","volume":"127","author":"Halpern","year":"1977","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14260","article-title":"BoTULS: a multicentre randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treating upper limb spasticity due to stroke with botulinum toxin type A","volume":"14","author":"Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13","article-title":"Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample","volume":"5","author":"Hozo","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"19","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216669183","article-title":"Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and\/or mid quartile range","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999321000058?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999321000058?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T07:07:44Z","timestamp":1757747264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999321000058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999321000058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin A in Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}