{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:57:01Z","timestamp":1791565021360,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000738","name":"University of Leicester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T11:17:07Z","timestamp":1620127027000},"page":"2117-2124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sexual Orientation and Functional Limitations: Cross-sectional Analyses From the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Louis","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo F.","family":"L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Schnitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daragh T.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Il","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0001","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Sexual orientation, UK: 2017. Available at: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/culturalidentity\/sexuality\/bulletins\/sexualidentityuk\/2017. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303630","article-title":"A systematic review of cardiovascular disease in sexual minorities","volume":"107","author":"Caceres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0003","unstructured":"The University of New South Wales. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research. Available at: https:\/\/kirby.unsw.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/kirby\/report\/KI_2010-Annual-report.pdf. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0004","unstructured":"Mental Health Foundation. Mental health statistics: LGBT people. Available at: https:\/\/www.mentalhealth.org.uk\/statistics\/mental-health-statistics-lgbt-people. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw100","article-title":"Factors associated with high-risk alcohol consumption among LGB older adults: the roles of gender, social support, perceived stress, discrimination, and stigma","volume":"57","author":"Bryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0006","unstructured":"Abdulrahim D, Whiteley C, Moncrieff M, Bowden-Jones O. Club drug use among lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) people. Available at:http:\/\/neptune-clinical-guidance.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/neptune-club-drug-use-among-lgbt-people.pdf. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e431","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30037-6","article-title":"Sexual behaviours, HIV testing, and the proportion of men at risk of transmitting and acquiring HIV in London, UK, 2000-13: a serial cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Aghaizu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2014.926763","article-title":"Experiences of ex-ex-gay individuals in sexual reorientation therapy: reasons for seeking treatment, perceived helpfulness and harmfulness of treatment, and post-treatment identification","volume":"61","author":"Flentje","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0009","first-page":"7","article-title":"The growing regulation of conversion therapy","volume":"102","author":"Drescher","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Regul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0010","article-title":"Conversion therapy in the southern United States: prevalence and experiences of the survivors","author":"Higbee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2285","article-title":"Association between recalled exposure to gender identity conversion efforts and psychological distress and suicide attempts among transgender adults","volume":"77","author":"Turban","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69498-1","article-title":"The definition of disability: what is in a name?","volume":"368","author":"Leonardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300379","article-title":"Disability among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: disparities in prevalence and risk","volume":"102","author":"Fredriksen-Goldsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0014","unstructured":"Stonewall. Stonewall report reveals impact of discrimination on health of LGBT people. Available at:https:\/\/www.stonewall.org.uk\/about-us\/media-releases\/stonewall-report-reveals-impact-discrimination-health-lgbt-people. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264314551332","article-title":"Disparities in health and disability among older adults in same-sex cohabiting relationships","volume":"27","author":"Gonzales","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000243","article-title":"Sexual orientation differences in functional limitations, disability, and mental health services use: results from the 2013-2014 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"85","author":"Cochran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.11.002","article-title":"Disability, sexual orientation, and the mental health outcomes of intimate partner violence: a comparative study of women in the U.S","volume":"12","author":"Coston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.05.006","article-title":"Application of an intersectional framework to understanding the association of disability and sexual orientation with suicidal ideation among Oregon Teens","volume":"12","author":"Higgins Tejera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146139","article-title":"Outness, stigma, and primary health care utilization among rural LGBT populations","volume":"11","author":"Whitehead","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-018-0366-1","article-title":"Disability, mental health, sexual orientation and gender identity: understanding health inequity through experience and difference","volume":"16","author":"Nakkeeran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12739","article-title":"A deviation too many? Healthcare professionals\u2019 knowledge and attitudes concerning patients with intellectual disability disrupting norms regarding sexual orientation and\/or gender identity","volume":"33","author":"Sommar\u00f6","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0112-7","article-title":"The British Mental Health Survey Programme: achievements and latest findings","volume":"44","author":"Jenkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0023","unstructured":"McManus S, Meltzer H, Brugha T, Bebbington P, Jenkins R. Adult psychiatric morbidity in England, 2007: results of a household survey. Available at:https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and-information\/publications\/statistical\/adult-psychiatric-morbidity-survey\/adult-psychiatric-morbidity-in-england-2007-results-of-a-household-survey. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0024","series-title":"Adult psychiatric morbidity survey, 2007","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0025","unstructured":"Kinsey Institute, Indiana University. The Kinsey scale. Available at:https:\/\/kinseyinstitute.org\/research\/publications\/kinsey-scale.php. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171900309X","article-title":"Relationship between sexual orientation and psychotic experiences in the general population in England","volume":"51","author":"Jacob","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gns123","article-title":"The physical and mental health of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults: the role of key health indicators and risk and protective factors","volume":"53","author":"Fredriksen-Goldsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption\u2013II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00875.x","article-title":"The measurement of alcohol dependence and impaired control in community samples","volume":"89","author":"Stockwell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0030","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Available at: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa136","article-title":"Elevated risk of cognitive impairment among older sexual minorities: do health conditions, health behaviors, and social connections matter?","volume":"61","author":"Hsieh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158720","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and disability in older Japanese adults","volume":"11","author":"Shimada","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2656","article-title":"Risk of type 2 diabetes among lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women: findings from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study II","volume":"41","author":"Corliss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70046-9","article-title":"Diabetes and risk of physical disability in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaa057.1300","article-title":"Problem drinking predicts functional health and mortality risk 10 years later in the MIDUS Study","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-017-0124-4","article-title":"Scrambling for access: availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of healthcare for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in South Africa","volume":"17","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13229","article-title":"Discrimination in the United States: experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer Americans","volume":"54","author":"Casey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2020.07.004","article-title":"Influence of sexual orientation on diabetes management in US adults with diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.01.021","article-title":"Asthma status and risks among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States: a scoping review","volume":"122","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30091-9","article-title":"Forecasted trends in disability and life expectancy in England and Wales up to 2025: a modelling study","volume":"2","author":"Guzman-Castillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2020.1768204","article-title":"Personality and sexual orientation: new data and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Allen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174981","article-title":"Sexual function and satisfaction among heterosexual and sexual minority U.S. adults: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"12","author":"Flynn","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0043","first-page":"1408","article-title":"Smoking cessation programs for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex people: a content-based systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Berger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12271","article-title":"Systematic review of interventions to reduce problematic alcohol use in men who have sex with men","volume":"35","author":"Wray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052674","article-title":"Substance use among men who have sex with men: patterns, motivations, impacts and intervention development need","volume":"93","author":"Bourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2016.11.003","article-title":"Addressing health care disparities among sexual minorities","volume":"44","author":"Baptiste-Roberts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999321003324?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999321003324?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T13:18:49Z","timestamp":1762089529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999321003324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999321003324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sexual Orientation and Functional Limitations: Cross-sectional Analyses From the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}