{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:16:53Z","timestamp":1792059413173,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Republic of China Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2314-B-002-117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2314-B-002-117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T10:39:22Z","timestamp":1629455962000},"page":"282-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Increased Risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Nationwide Longitudinal Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Yi-Hsiang","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Cheng","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6451-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Liang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0001","first-page":"993","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnosis and management","volume":"94","author":"Wipperman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870040-00006","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients","volume":"70","author":"Gellman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1985.31","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients","volume":"23","author":"Aljure","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193413478550","article-title":"Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and wrist osteoarthritis in long-term paraplegic patients compared with controls","volume":"39","author":"Akbar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772315Y.0000000033","article-title":"The prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among long-term manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study","volume":"39","author":"Asheghan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-018-0062-6","article-title":"Prevalence of upper extremity pain in a population of people with paraplegia","volume":"56","author":"Kentar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293","article-title":"Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database: past and future","volume":"11","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993163","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in young adults\u2014an ultrasonographic and neurophysiological study","volume":"50","author":"Polykandriotis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.5_suppl_2.354S","article-title":"The prevalence of COPD: using smoking rates to estimate disease frequency in the general population","volume":"117","author":"Stang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411419952","article-title":"Socioeconomic deprivation and the epidemiology of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Jenkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193420939384","article-title":"The effect of social deprivation on the incidence rate of carpal and cubital tunnel syndrome surgery","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.289","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome incidence in a general population","volume":"58","author":"Mondelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0013","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incorporating development stratification of Taiwan townships into sampling design of large scale health interview survey","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Health Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0015","unstructured":"Performing a 1: N case-control match on propensity score. In: Parsons LS, ed. Proceedings of the 29th Annual SAS Users Group International Conference; 2004 May 9\u201312; Montreal, Canada; SAS Institute; 2004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-015-0155-5","article-title":"Methods for identifying 30 chronic conditions: application to administrative data","volume":"15","author":"Tonelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E275","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101137","article-title":"Risk of herpes zoster among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based study","volume":"183","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00321-8","article-title":"Validating recommendations for coronary angiography following acute myocardial infarction in the elderly: a matched analysis using propensity scores","volume":"54","author":"Normand","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30231-9","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"15","author":"Padua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-020-00379-x","article-title":"Surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome in individuals with spinal cord injuries-patient characteristics, diagnostic considerations, and treatment outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Pallaver","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12324","article-title":"The effect of excess body mass on the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis of 58 studies","volume":"16","author":"Shiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00201-8","article-title":"An evaluation of gender, obesity, age and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1998.tb04743.x","article-title":"Association of obesity, gender, age and occupation with carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Lam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12855","article-title":"Diabetes as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Pourmemari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24453","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Shiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1373\/49.9.1437","article-title":"Indications for requesting laboratory tests for concurrent diseases in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"van Dijk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0027","first-page":"185","article-title":"Subclinical peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"41","author":"Ozge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0685-0","article-title":"Association between work-related biomechanical risk factors and the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome: an overview of systematic reviews and a meta-analysis of current research","volume":"16","author":"Kozak","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90082-5","article-title":"Wheelchair pushrim kinetics: body weight and median nerve function","volume":"80","author":"Boninger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.08.001","article-title":"Ultrasonographic median nerve changes after repeated wheelchair transfers in persons with paraplegia: relationship with subject characteristics and transfer skills","volume":"8","author":"Hogaboom","year":"2016","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199804)33:4<374::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Median mononeuropathy among active workers: are there differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic workers?","volume":"33","author":"Werner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.014","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: the role of occupational factors","volume":"25","author":"Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678909149305","article-title":"Carpal-tunnel pressure","volume":"60","author":"Luchetti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.04.007","article-title":"Hand elevation test for assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Amirfeyz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2017.09.001","article-title":"Median nerve ultrasonography in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Ehler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101757","article-title":"Spasticity after spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970306115","article-title":"Dorsal wrist joint pain in tetraplegic patients during and after rehabilitation","volume":"35","author":"Hara","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20599","article-title":"Effect of wrist posture on carpal tunnel pressure while typing","volume":"26","author":"Rempel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(00)00133-2","article-title":"Gender differences in carpal tunnel syndrome? Occupational and non-occupational risk factors in a population-based case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Giersiepen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11975","article-title":"Association between nucleoside analogues and risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver resection","volume":"308","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804_bib0041","first-page":"9","article-title":"Pushrim biomechanics and injury prevention in spinal cord injury: recommendations based on CULP-SCI investigations","volume":"42","author":"Boninger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999321013617?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999321013617?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T13:19:07Z","timestamp":1762089547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999321013617"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999321013617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increased Risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Nationwide Longitudinal Follow-Up Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.804","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}