{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:15:04Z","timestamp":1783005304942,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Rick Hansen Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Rick Hansen Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Rick Hansen Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Rick Hansen Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Rick Hansen Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Rick Hansen Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Rick Hansen Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Rick Hansen Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T10:57:05Z","timestamp":1634813825000},"page":"215-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Physical Function Recovery Trajectories After Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"David S.","family":"Tulsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Boulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela A.","family":"Kisala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen W.","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Charlifue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire Z.","family":"Kalpakjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan J.","family":"Kozlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6239-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise C.","family":"Fyffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1288-4280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary D.","family":"Slavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise G.","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.94","article-title":"Using rasch motor FIM individual growth curves to inform clinical decisions for persons with paraplegia","volume":"52","author":"Pretz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.08.199","article-title":"An introduction to applying individual growth curve models to evaluate change in rehabilitation: a National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems report","volume":"94","author":"Kozlowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90091-1","article-title":"Spinal cord injury rehabilitation outcome: the impact of age","volume":"41","author":"Yarkony","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.01.012","article-title":"Relation between inpatient and postdischarge services and outcomes 1 year postinjury in people with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"94","author":"Backus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.10.036","article-title":"Association of various comorbidity measures with spinal cord injury rehabilitation outcomes","volume":"94","author":"Horn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.11.050","article-title":"Using individual growth curve models to predict recovery and activities of daily living after spinal cord injury: an SCIRehab project study","volume":"94","author":"Kozlowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21510","article-title":"Hierarchical linear modeling of FIM instrument growth curve characteristics after spinal cord injury","volume":"82","author":"Warschausky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025409343765","article-title":"Methods and measures: growth mixture modeling: a method for identifying differences in longitudinal change among unobserved groups","volume":"33","author":"Ram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.131","article-title":"Developing a contemporary functional outcome measure for spinal cord injury research","volume":"48","author":"Slavin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.05.007","article-title":"Spinal cord injury-functional index: item banks to measure physical functioning in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"93","author":"Tulsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.05.008","article-title":"Development and initial evaluation of the spinal cord injury-functional index","volume":"93","author":"Jette","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0012","article-title":"American Spinal Injury Association. International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. Chicago: American Spinal Injury Association","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Spinal Cord Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772315Y.0000000003","article-title":"Development and initial evaluation of the SCI-FI\/AT","volume":"38","author":"Jette","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0014","unstructured":"Tulsky D, Kisala P, et al. SCI-FI structure and recent advances. Arch Phys Med Rehabil; in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9634-4","article-title":"The development of a clinical outcomes survey research application: assessment center","volume":"19","author":"Gershon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0016","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. Mplus user's guide. 8th ed. Los Angeles: Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n; 1998-2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0017","series-title":"Structural equations with latent variables","author":"Bollen","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2307\/1130295","article-title":"Latent growth curves within developmental structural equation models","volume":"58","author":"McArdle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0019","series-title":"The Oxford handbook of quantiative methods: volume 2 statistical analysis","first-page":"551","article-title":"Latent class analysis and finite mixture modeling","author":"Masyn","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01246098","article-title":"An entropy criterion for assessing the number of clusters in a mixture model","volume":"13","author":"Celeux","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Classif"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2013.824781","article-title":"Statistical power to detect the correct number of classes in latent profile analysis","volume":"20","author":"Tein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x","article-title":"Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analyses: growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes","volume":"24","author":"Muthen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0024","article-title":"A warning on separation in multinomial logistic models","volume":"5","author":"Cook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Polit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.03.015","article-title":"Late neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury1","volume":"85","author":"Kirshblum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999321014921?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999321014921?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T07:08:23Z","timestamp":1757747303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999321014921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999321014921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physical Function Recovery Trajectories After Spinal Cord Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}