{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:29:14Z","timestamp":1789828154556,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017304","name":"Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016196","name":"Institut de R\u00e9adaptation en D\u00e9ficience Physique de Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T17:40:25Z","timestamp":1664127625000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sex-Related Discrepancies in the Access to Optimal Care and Outcomes After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Data From a Canadian Registry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2038-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C.","family":"Furlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilnur","family":"Kurban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100014530","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Furlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.03.017","article-title":"Changing demographics and injury profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries in the United States, 1972-2014","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6250","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States, 1993-2012","volume":"313","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1179\/107902610X12923394765733","article-title":"Spinal cord injury in Manitoba: a provincial epidemiological study","volume":"34","author":"McCammon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.167","article-title":"Changing demographics of spinal cord injury over a 20-year period: a longitudinal population-based study in Scotland","volume":"54","author":"McCaughey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0006","series-title":"Traumatic brain and spinal cord injury: challenges and developments","first-page":"360","article-title":"Global epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury","author":"Furlan","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1608","article-title":"Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in Aragon, Spain (1972-2008)","volume":"28","author":"Van Den Berg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.55","article-title":"Life expectancy after spinal cord injury: a 50-year study","volume":"50","author":"Middleton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.23","article-title":"Long-term survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: a 70-year British study","volume":"55","author":"Savic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00802","article-title":"Considerations for studying sex as a biological variable in spinal cord injury","volume":"11","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.23","article-title":"Attitudes towards the older patients with spinal cord injury among registered nurses: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"47","author":"Furlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0663","article-title":"Attitudes toward the elderly with CNS trauma: a cross-sectional study of neuroscientists, clinicians, and allied-health professionals","volume":"26","author":"Furlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.0888","article-title":"The impact of age on mortality, impairment, and disability among adults with acute traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Furlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0764","article-title":"The impact of co-morbidities on age-related differences in mortality after acute traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Furlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.003","article-title":"Is age a key determinant of mortality and neurological outcome after acute traumatic spinal cord injury?","volume":"31","author":"Furlan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-013-0066-1","article-title":"The influence of age on functional recovery of adults with spinal cord injury or disease after inpatient rehabilitative care: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Furlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-021-00719-0","article-title":"Effects of age on survival and neurological recovery of individuals following acute traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"60","author":"Furlan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113401","article-title":"Age as a determinant of inflammatory response and survival of glia and axons after human traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"332","author":"Furlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.109","article-title":"The Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHSCIR): a national patient-registry","volume":"50","author":"Noonan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0617","article-title":"Motor and sensory assessment of patients in clinical trials for pharmacological therapy of acute spinal cord injury: psychometric properties of the ASIA Standards","volume":"25","author":"Furlan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1152","article-title":"Assessment of impairment in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Furlan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005173222001","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study","volume":"322","author":"Bracken","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540440031029","volume":"277","author":"Bracken","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1148","article-title":"Assessment of disability in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Furlan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e553","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30155-0","article-title":"Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2019.1614291","article-title":"Is there any gender or age-related discrepancy in the waiting time for each step in the surgical management of acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury?","volume":"42","author":"Furlan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.031","article-title":"Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"85","author":"Sipski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.368","article-title":"The effects of gender on clinical and neurological outcomes after acute cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"22","author":"Furlan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2019.1607055","article-title":"Sex-related discrepancies in the epidemiology, injury characteristics and outcomes after acute spine trauma: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Furlan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24891","article-title":"Gender-related differences in acute rehabilitation lengths of stay, charges, and functional outcomes for a matched sample with spinal cord injury: a multicenter investigation","volume":"82","author":"Greenwald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.165213","article-title":"Does being female provide a neuroprotective advantage following spinal cord injury?","volume":"10","author":"Datto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2015.1114224","article-title":"Effects of progesterone and vitamin D on outcome of patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury; a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"39","author":"Aminmansour","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411090","article-title":"A clinical trial of progesterone for severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"371","author":"Skolnick","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404304","article-title":"Very early administration of progesterone for acute traumatic brain injury","volume":"371","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999322016070?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999322016070?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T13:20:01Z","timestamp":1762089601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999322016070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999322016070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex-Related Discrepancies in the Access to Optimal Care and Outcomes After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Data From a Canadian Registry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}