{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:22:27Z","timestamp":1792664547379,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T04:25:58Z","timestamp":1665635158000},"page":"340-349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Utility of Melatonin for the Treatment of Sleep Disturbance After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Maree","family":"Cassimatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352","article-title":"Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury","volume":"130","author":"Dewan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.09.024","article-title":"Mental health consequences of traumatic brain injury","volume":"91","author":"Howlett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8120223","article-title":"Update on insomnia after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0004","first-page":"15","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury, sleep disorders, and psychiatric disorders: an underrecognized relationship","volume":"6","author":"Morse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.04.010","article-title":"Sleep disruption and the sequelae associated with traumatic brain injury","volume":"55","author":"Lucke-Wold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000446","article-title":"A systematic review of sleep-wake disturbances in childhood traumatic brain injury: relationship with fatigue, depression, and quality of life","volume":"34","author":"Botchway","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.04.006","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep disturbances, disorders, and problems following traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Mathias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3753","article-title":"Sleep-wake disturbances and fatigue after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Gagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.07.009","article-title":"Screening for sleep dysfunction after traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Mollayeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0010","article-title":"Sleep-wake disturbances after traumatic brain injury: synthesis of human and animal studies","volume":"40","author":"Sandsmark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5598","article-title":"Sleep disturbances in traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Grima","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200605000-00001","article-title":"Insomnia in patients with traumatic brain injury: frequency, characteristics, and risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Ouellet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101563","article-title":"Prevalence of insomnia and insomnia symptoms following mild-traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Montgomery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e0438b","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and melatonin levels following traumatic brain injury","volume":"74","author":"Shekleton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000066","article-title":"A brief review about melatonin, a pineal hormone","volume":"62","author":"Amaral","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0016","series-title":"Impact of sleep and sleep disturbances on obesity and cancer","first-page":"51","article-title":"Sleep disorders and melatonin","author":"Dudley","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.11.003","article-title":"Adverse events associated with oral administration of melatonin: a critical systematic review of clinical evidence","volume":"42","author":"Foley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.02.017","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of melatonin for sleep onset insomnia in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"68","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-014-0320-7","article-title":"An empirical review of treatment and rehabilitation approaches used in the acute, sub-acute, and chronic phases of recovery following sports-related concussion","volume":"16","author":"Elbin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5752","article-title":"Melatonin as a treatment after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the pre-clinical and clinical literature","volume":"36","author":"Barlow","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1831070","article-title":"Does cognitive-behavioural therapy improve sleep outcomes in individuals with traumatic brain injury: a scoping review","volume":"34","author":"Ludwig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1282042","article-title":"Sleep outcomes following sleep-hygiene-related interventions for individuals with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Bogdanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0023","first-page":"355","article-title":"Nonpharmacological management of sleep disturbances after traumatic brain injury","volume":"43","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1856948","article-title":"Treatment of sleep disturbance following stroke and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of conservative interventions","volume":"44","author":"Lowe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1188\/06.CJON.753-767","article-title":"Putting evidence into practice: evidence-based interventions for sleep-wake disturbances","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0027","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australia's health 2018. Canberra (ACT). Available at: https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/7c42913d-295f-4bc9-9c24-4e44eff4a04a\/aihw-aus-221.pdf.aspx?inline=true. Accessed June 20, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1037\/h0089734","article-title":"Noncompliance: a review. II. Facilitating compliance","volume":"5","author":"Rissman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fam Syst Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377","article-title":"The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions","volume":"52","author":"Downs","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1181-1","article-title":"Failure of a numerical quality assessment scale to identify potential risk of bias in a systematic review: a comparison study","volume":"8","author":"O'Connor","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.05.098","article-title":"Exercise parameters and outcome measures used in cardiac rehabilitation programs following median sternotomy in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Pengelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-001","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration and low-vision rehabilitation: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-017-0224-6","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and efficacy of drugs for treating behavioural insomnia in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review with methodological quality assessment","volume":"19","author":"Anand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7154","article-title":"Efficacy of melatonin for sleep disturbance in children with persistent post-concussion symptoms: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Barlow","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9234","article-title":"Poorer sleep quality predicts melatonin response in patients with traumatic brain injury: findings from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Grima","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0036","article-title":"Efficacy of melatonin for sleep disturbance following traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Grima","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922816681603","article-title":"Sleep disturbance following concussion is a risk factor for a prolonged recovery","volume":"56","author":"Bramley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.05.011","article-title":"Pilot study on the effect of Ramelteon on sleep disturbance after traumatic brain injury: preliminary evidence from a clinical trial","volume":"96","author":"Lequerica","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27773","article-title":"An unusual cause of insomnia following IED-induced traumatic brain injury","volume":"6","author":"Carter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050410001671892","article-title":"The value of melatonin for sleep disorders occurring post-head injury: a pilot RCT","volume":"18","author":"Kemp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-100107975","article-title":"Sleep-wake schedule disorder disability: a lifelong untreatable pathology of the circadian time structure","volume":"18","author":"Dagan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0042","first-page":"345","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury-associated delayed sleep phase syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Nagtegaal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2004.06.004","article-title":"Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Brzezinski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2017.1315864","article-title":"A review of sleep disorders and melatonin","volume":"39","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.06.004","article-title":"Exogenous melatonin as a treatment for secondary sleep disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.11.788","article-title":"Ramelteon for the treatment of insomnia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kuriyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.06.005","article-title":"Evidence for the efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of primary adult sleep disorders","volume":"34","author":"Auld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12498","article-title":"Melatonin as a potential modulator of Nrf2","volume":"34","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12360","article-title":"Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers","volume":"61","author":"Reiter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181a0b281","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury and sleep disturbance: a review of current research","volume":"24","author":"Orff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0051","series-title":"Sleep and mental illness","first-page":"353","article-title":"Sleep following traumatic brain injury","author":"Ouellet","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000225","article-title":"A practical guide to evaluating sleep disturbance in concussion patients","volume":"6","author":"Mosti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018_bib0053","article-title":"Association of sleep disturbance with neurocognition, symptom severity, and recovery in paediatric concussion: a 10-year retrospective analysis of a tertiary referral concussion clinic","author":"Cassimatis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999322016562?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999322016562?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1757747637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999322016562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999322016562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Utility of Melatonin for the Treatment of Sleep Disturbance After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}