{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T09:33:39Z","timestamp":1764668019015,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,2]],"date-time":"2026-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796169600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG0412202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG0412202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T19:25:37Z","timestamp":1746473137000},"page":"1859-1865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Characterization of Hip Subgroups in Geriatric Chronic Low Back Pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0119-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenifer M.","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn Megan","family":"Sions","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan T.","family":"Pohlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8611-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0001","unstructured":"Caplan Z, Rabe M. The older population: 2020. 2020 census briefs. U.S. Department of Commerce; 2023. C2020BR-07."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990\u20132020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15786","article-title":"Adequacy of inclusion of older adults in NIH-funded phase III clinical trials","volume":"67","author":"Lockett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.02.015","article-title":"Research agenda for the prevention of pain and its impact: report of the work group on the prevention of acute and chronic pain of the Federal Pain Research Strategy","volume":"19","author":"Gatchel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-014158","article-title":"Precision medicine from a public health perspective","volume":"39","author":"Ramaswami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2021.0304","article-title":"Interventions for the management of acute and chronic low back pain: revision 2021","volume":"51","author":"George","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pzab227","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab227","article-title":"Classification of geriatric low back pain based on hip characteristics with a 12-month longitudinal exploration of clinical outcomes: findings from Delaware spine studies","volume":"101","author":"Hicks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pzab255","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab255","article-title":"The manual therapy and strengthening for the hip (MASH) trial: protocol for a multisite randomized trial of a subgroup of older adults with chronic back and hip pain","volume":"102","author":"Pugliese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00267-9","article-title":"Hip-focused physical therapy versus spine-focused physical therapy for older adults with chronic low back pain at risk for mobility decline (MASH): a multicentre, single-masked, randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Hicks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw136","article-title":"Lumbar mobility and performance-based function: an investigation in older adults with and without chronic low back pain","volume":"18","author":"Coyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20060401-08","article-title":"Assessing cognitive ability in research: use of MMSE with minority populations and elderly adults with low education levels","volume":"32","author":"Wood","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(75)90044-5","article-title":"The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods","volume":"1","author":"Melzack","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00548.x","article-title":"Psychometric properties of commonly used low back disability questionnaires: are they useful for older adults with low back pain?","volume":"10","author":"Hicks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100135","article-title":"Physical Therapy Clinical Research Network. The Low Back Activity Confidence Scale (LoBACS): preliminary validity and reliability","volume":"91","author":"Yamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0016","unstructured":"Sulllivan MJ. The pain catastrophizing scale, user manual. aspecthealth.ca, https:\/\/aspecthealth.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/PCSManual_English1.pdf. Accessed September 28 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199206000-00001","article-title":"Objective clinical evaluation of physical impairment in chronic low back pain","volume":"17","author":"Waddell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199910150-00004","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Biering-Sorensen test in asymptomatic subjects and subjects reporting current or previous nonspecific low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Latimer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.07.026","article-title":"Which neuromuscular attributes are most associated with mobility among older primary care patients?","volume":"94","author":"Bean","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2012.10.011","article-title":"Body mass normalisation for ultrasound measurements of lumbar multifidus and abdominal muscle size","volume":"18","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.4584","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging: intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability for multifidus muscle thickness assessment in adults aged 60 to 85 years versus younger adults","volume":"44","author":"Sions","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000021","article-title":"Reliability of ultrasound imaging for the assessment of lumbar multifidi thickness in older adults with chronic low back pain","volume":"38","author":"Sions","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000073","article-title":"Criterion validity of ultrasound imaging: assessment of multifidi cross-sectional area in older adults with and without chronic low back pain","volume":"40","author":"Sions","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.0110","article-title":"Regional interdependence: a musculoskeletal examination model whose time has come","volume":"37","author":"Wainner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60735-1","article-title":"Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?","volume":"380","author":"Bauman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.06.014","article-title":"Self-efficacy is more important than fear of movement in mediating the relationship between pain and disability in chronic low back pain","volume":"15","author":"Costa Lda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0027","article-title":"The impact of exercise interventions on perceived self-efficacy and other psychological outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Baghbani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Integr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.8033","article-title":"A mind-body program for older adults with chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Morone","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0029","first-page":"26","article-title":"A healthy aging program for older adults: effects on self-efficacy and morale","volume":"29","author":"Scult","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Mind Body Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00097-9","article-title":"Catastrophizing, pain, and disability in patients with soft-tissue injuries","volume":"77","author":"Sullivan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118757387","article-title":"Psychosocial factors associated with change in pain and disability outcomes in chronic low back pain patients treated by physiotherapist: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Alhowimel","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31820fde1b","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing and pain-related emotions: influence of age and type of pain","volume":"27","author":"Ruscheweyh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203964","article-title":"The relationship of self-efficacy to catastrophizing and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain: a moderated mediation model","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00937.x","article-title":"Longitudinal treatment outcomes for geriatric patients with chronic non-cancer pain at an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program","volume":"11","author":"Darchuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.12.005","article-title":"Examining psychological factors as contributors to pain, disability, and physical function in geriatric chronic low back pain: a prospective analysis of the Delaware spine studies cohort","volume":"25","author":"Knox","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly133","article-title":"Persistent pain quality as a novel approach to assessing risk for disability in community-dwelling elders with chronic pain","volume":"74","author":"Thakral","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181981823","article-title":"Normal functional range of motion of the lumbar spine during 15 activities of daily living","volume":"23","author":"Bible","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M644","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.10.M644","article-title":"Measuring higher level physical function in well-functioning older adults: expanding familiar approaches in the Health ABC study","volume":"56","author":"Simonsick","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz030","article-title":"Interrelated neuromuscular and clinical risk factors that contribute to falls","volume":"74","author":"Ward","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.12.044","article-title":"Increased trunk extension endurance is associated with meaningful improvement in balance among older adults with mobility problems","volume":"92","author":"Suri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-2011-0282","article-title":"Endurance of low back musculature: normative data for adults","volume":"24","author":"Adedoyin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7002","article-title":"Trunk muscle characteristics of the multifidi, erector spinae, psoas, and quadratus lumborum in older adults with and without chronic low back pain","volume":"47","author":"Sions","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.07.027","article-title":"Multifidi muscle characteristics and physical function among older adults with and without chronic low back pain","volume":"98","author":"Sions","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1179544119849570","article-title":"Exploring neuromuscular electrical stimulation intensity effects on multifidus muscle activity in adults with chronic low back pain: an ultrasound imaging-informed investigation","volume":"12","author":"Sions","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.399","article-title":"The effects of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the activation of deep lumbar stabilizing muscles of patients with lumbar degenerative kyphosis","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94402-2","article-title":"Combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation with motor control exercise can improve lumbar multifidus activation in individuals with recurrent low back pain","volume":"11","author":"Songjaroen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0047","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcopenia: prevalence, risk factors, and consequences","volume":"144","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000348","article-title":"Trunk muscle training augmented with neuromuscular electrical stimulation appears to improve function in older adults with chronic low back pain: a randomized preliminary trial","volume":"32","author":"Hicks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2004.08.002","article-title":"Spinal muscle evaluation using the Sorensen test: a critical appraisal of the literature","volume":"73","author":"Demoulin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999325006781?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999325006781?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T09:28:39Z","timestamp":1764667719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999325006781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999325006781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-9993"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical Characterization of Hip Subgroups in Geriatric Chronic Low Back Pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}