{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:54:12Z","timestamp":1791431652827,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006307","name":"Administration for Community Living","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006307","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90DPTB0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90DPTB0025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90DPTB0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90DPTB0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90IFST0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90IFST0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T16:19:59Z","timestamp":1761668399000},"page":"1014-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sociodemographic and Injury Characteristics Contribute to Ethnoracial Differences in Societal Participation After Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rylea","family":"Ranum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Pruyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leia","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Leon-Novelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelle M.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0001","series-title":"Surveillance report of traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths","author":"Peterson","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3844","article-title":"Modeling of community integration trajectories in the first five years after traumatic brain injury","volume":"33","author":"Andelic","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135251315372","article-title":"Predictors of participation over the 10 years after TBI in black individuals","volume":"56","author":"Ohayagha","year":"2025","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.06.009","article-title":"Impact of traumatic brain injury on participation in leisure activities","volume":"91","author":"Wise","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181cd1635","article-title":"What is community integration anyway?: defining meaning following traumatic brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Sander","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000442","article-title":"A scoping review of predictors of community integration following traumatic brain injury: a search for meaningful associations","volume":"34","author":"Kersey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.026","article-title":"Heterogeneity in temporal ordering of depression and participation after traumatic brain injury","volume":"101","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112906","article-title":"Formal social participation protects physical health through enhanced mental health: a longitudinal mediation analysis using three consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)","volume":"251","author":"Santini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E190","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000940","article-title":"Association between participation and satisfaction with life over time in older adults with traumatic brain injury: a TBI model systems study","volume":"39","author":"Taiwo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E218","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000655","article-title":"Primary language and participation outcomes in Hispanics with traumatic brain injury: a traumatic brain injury model systems study","volume":"36","author":"Sander","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.02.012","article-title":"Racial differences in employment outcomes after traumatic brain injury","volume":"89","author":"Arango-Lasprilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050903200563","article-title":"Do racial\/ethnic differences exist in post-injury outcomes after TBI? A comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Gary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2009-0450","article-title":"Relationship of race\/ethnicity and income to community integration following traumatic brain injury: investigation in a non-rehabilitation trauma sample","volume":"24","author":"Sander","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1022880","article-title":"Community integration 2 years after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Sandhaug","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000030","article-title":"Key dimensions of impairment, self-report, and environmental supports in persons with traumatic brain injury","volume":"60","author":"Sherer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.02.030","article-title":"Developing an item bank to measure economic quality of life for individuals with disabilities","volume":"96","author":"Tulsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000234","article-title":"Gender differences in employment and economic quality of life following traumatic brain injury","volume":"64","author":"Poritz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.08.002","article-title":"Development of the Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective for use after traumatic brain injury","volume":"92","author":"Whiteneck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.09.001","article-title":"Another look at the PART-O using the traumatic brain injury model systems national database: scoring to optimize psychometrics","volume":"97","author":"Malec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.11.014","article-title":"Comparison of scoring methods for the Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools\u2013Objective","volume":"92","author":"Bogner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.06.033","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of common outcome measures in traumatic brain injury research","volume":"91","author":"Wilde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000657","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity and community participation among veterans and service members with traumatic brain injury: a VA traumatic brain injury model systems study","volume":"36","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.04.019","article-title":"Racial disparities in employment status after moderate\/severe traumatic brain injuries in Southeast Michigan","volume":"104","author":"Bah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0024","first-page":"169","article-title":"Latino cultural values: their role in adjustment to disability","volume":"9","author":"Zea","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Soc Behav Personal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.05.018","article-title":"Exploring the connections between traumatic brain injury caregiver mental health and family dynamics in Mexico City","volume":"5","author":"Perrin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mexico. PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00065-0","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury as a chronic disease: insights from the United States traumatic brain injury model systems research program","volume":"22","author":"Dams-O\u2019Connor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2003.50096","article-title":"Violent traumatic brain injury: occurrence, patient characteristics, and risk factors from the traumatic brain injury model systems project","volume":"84","author":"Hanks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200309000-00003","article-title":"Race and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: influence of confounding factors","volume":"18","author":"Sherer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1741033","article-title":"Race and ethnicity considerations in traumatic brain injury research: incidence, reporting, and outcome","volume":"34","author":"Brenner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E46","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000398","article-title":"Relationship between Hispanic nativity, residential environment, and productive activity among individuals with traumatic brain injury: a TBI Model Systems study","volume":"34","author":"Lequerica","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2023.2221900","article-title":"Developing multidimensional participation profiles after traumatic brain injury: a TBI model systems study","volume":"46","author":"Juengst","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E532","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000941","article-title":"Predictors of multidimensional profiles of participation after traumatic brain injury: a TBI model systems study","volume":"39","author":"Juengst","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2009-0451","article-title":"Objective and subjective assessment of long-term community integration in minority groups following traumatic brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Mascialino","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999325009979?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999325009979?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:32:22Z","timestamp":1791430342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999325009979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999325009979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sociodemographic and Injury Characteristics Contribute to Ethnoracial Differences in Societal Participation After Traumatic Brain Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}