{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:18:33Z","timestamp":1780395513912,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSA 94473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSA 94473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACD-170302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACD-170302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T16:43:53Z","timestamp":1769705033000},"page":"1322-1329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of a Prior Traumatic Brain Injury and Injury Characteristics on Frailty in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9011-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly K.","family":"Courish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myles W.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline E.","family":"Shivgulam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily E.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Mekari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Theou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa144","article-title":"Frailty among middle-aged and older Canadians: population norms for the frailty index using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"50","author":"P\u00e9rez-Zepeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.722","article-title":"Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits","volume":"62","author":"Rockwood","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0004","first-page":"15","article-title":"Association of frailty and pre-frailty with increased risk of mortality among older Canadians","volume":"32","author":"Gilmour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12397","article-title":"The relationship of frailty and hospitalization among older people: evidence from a meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M255","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M255","article-title":"Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care","volume":"59","author":"Fried","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0007","series-title":"Evaluation of the disability determination process for traumatic brain injury in veterans","article-title":"Definitions of traumatic brain injury","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00638","article-title":"Incidence of mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective hospital, emergency room and general practitioner-based study","volume":"10","author":"Skandsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0651-y","article-title":"A systematic review of brain injury epidemiology in Europe","volume":"148","author":"Tagliaferri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9","article-title":"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"7","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CNC56","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc-2018-0001","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in older adults: do we need a different approach?","volume":"3","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Concussion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/S071498081000070X","article-title":"Epidemiology of falls in older age","volume":"30","author":"Peel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000012","article-title":"Epidemiology of adults receiving acute inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury in the United States","volume":"30","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-020-00329-3","article-title":"Geriatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)","volume":"9","author":"McCulloch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Geriatr Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01256-3","article-title":"Relationship between frailty and executive function by age and sex in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"47","author":"Courish","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2023.01.004","article-title":"Impact of age and sex on the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and frailty level in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging","volume":"82","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2022.2109731","article-title":"Poor outcome in frail elderly patient after severe TBI","volume":"36","author":"Herklots","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01801-7","article-title":"A scoping review of the clinical frailty scale","volume":"20","author":"Church","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92830-5","article-title":"Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage: a practical scale","volume":"305","author":"Jennett","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0176","article-title":"Prognostic value of frailty for outcome following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Roohollahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0021","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)","volume":"48","author":"Raina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afac075","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac075","article-title":"Frailty indices based on self-report, blood-based biomarkers and examination-based data in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"51","author":"Blodgett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000300233.98242.87","article-title":"Screening for traumatic brain injury in troops returning from deployment in Afghanistan and Iraq","volume":"22","author":"Schwab","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2020.1714552","article-title":"Long-term cognitive impairment following single mild traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness: findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"42","author":"Bedard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3049","article-title":"The impact of previous traumatic brain injury on health and functioning: a TRACK-TBI study","volume":"30","author":"Dams-O\u2019Connor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14362","article-title":"The association between frailty and ageing: results from an observational study including 9497 elderly patients","volume":"68","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0028","series-title":"The second fifty years: promoting health and preventing disability","article-title":"Falls in older persons: risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13794","article-title":"Characteristics of fall-related traumatic brain injury in older adults","volume":"48","author":"Teo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2023.00640","article-title":"Mobilization phases in traumatic brain injury","volume":"38","author":"Nazwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000381200","article-title":"Frailty and mobility","volume":"41","author":"Eeles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interdiscip Top Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09893-2","article-title":"Independent domains of daily mobility in patients with neurological gait disorders","volume":"267","author":"Wuehr","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0033","first-page":"946","article-title":"Usefulness of the abbreviated injury score and the injury severity score in comparison to the Glasgow Coma Scale in predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury","volume":"62","author":"Foreman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2012-000268","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"13","author":"Kolias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326000444?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326000444?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:47:27Z","timestamp":1780393647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999326000444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999326000444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Impact of a Prior Traumatic Brain Injury and Injury Characteristics on Frailty in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}