{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:35:22Z","timestamp":1786984522660,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,6,2]],"date-time":"2027-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1811894400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009898","name":"Defense Health Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"US Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HT0014-22-C-0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT0014-22-C-0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004690","name":"General Dynamics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006364","name":"James A. Haley Veterans&apos; Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:01:22Z","timestamp":1770224482000},"page":"1308-1314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Utilization and Cost of VA Outpatient Clinics for Service Members and Veterans Treated in VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers for Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3645-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara E.","family":"Dismuke-Greer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Nakase-Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00065-0","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury as a chronic disease: insights from the United States Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Research Program","volume":"22","author":"Dams-O'Connor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00309-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"21","author":"Maas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0003","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics: mortality data on CDC WONDER. Available at: https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/mcd.html. Accessed May 20, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1861650","article-title":"Characterizing health care utilization following hospitalization for traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Eliacin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2023.2291965","article-title":"Is lifetime traumatic brain injury a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in Veterans compared to non-Veterans?","volume":"15","author":"Akhanemhe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0006","unstructured":"DoD TBI Worldwide Numbers. Available athttps:\/\/www.health.mil\/Military-Health-Topics\/Centers-of-Excellence\/Traumatic-Brain-Injury-Center-of-Excellence\/DOD-TBI-Worldwide-Numbers Accessed May 20, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2682","article-title":"Association between traumatic brain injury and subsequent cardiovascular disease among post-9\/11-era veterans","volume":"79","author":"Stewart","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0008","series-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury: A Roadmap for Accelerating Progress","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.08.013","article-title":"Department of Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers: inpatient rehabilitation management of combat-related polytrauma","volume":"30","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0010","series-title":"VHA handbook 1172.01: polytrauma system of care","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31829a64d1","article-title":"Development of a traumatic brain injury model system within the Department of Veterans Affairs Polytrauma System of Care","volume":"29","author":"Lamberty","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4910","article-title":"Three Year trends in veterans health administration utilization and costs after traumatic brain injury screening among veterans with mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2022.2034045","article-title":"Economic impact of comorbid TBI-dementia on VA facility and non-VA facility costs, 2000-2020","volume":"36","author":"Dismuke-Greer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-023-01550-4","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic and geographic disparities in comorbid traumatic brain injury-renal failure in US veterans and associated veterans affairs resource costs, 2000-2020","volume":"11","author":"Dismuke-Greer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-230277","article-title":"Chronic headaches after traumatic brain injury: Diagnostic complexity associated with increased cost","volume":"55","author":"McGeary","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1261144","article-title":"The economic impact of cannabis use disorder and dementia diagnosis in veterans diagnosed with traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.12.035","article-title":"Descriptive findings of the VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers TBI Model Systems National Database","volume":"99","author":"Ropacki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.03.023","article-title":"Effect of post-traumatic amnesia duration on traumatic brain injury (TBI) first year hospital costs: a veterans affairs traumatic brain injury model systems study","volume":"104","author":"Dismuke-Greer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.09.015","article-title":"\"To care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan\" (Abraham Lincoln): the Department of Veterans Affairs polytrauma system of care","volume":"89","author":"Sigford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0020","series-title":"Research guide to the managerial cost accounting national cost extracts. Guidebook","author":"Phibbs","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0021","series-title":"Decision Support System 3.0 User Guide. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Information Technology","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0022","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. Available at: https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/Default.aspx. Accessed May 20, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31826674d6","article-title":"Disability rating scale","volume":"27","author":"Bellon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0024","first-page":"118","article-title":"Disability rating scale for severe head trauma: coma to community","volume":"63","author":"Rappaport","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0025","unstructured":"United States Department of Labor. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. CPI Inflation Calculator. Website. Available at: https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/data\/inflation_calculator.htm. Accessed May 20, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0026","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical and computing","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v023.i04","article-title":"systemfit: a package for estimating systems of simultaneous equations in R","volume":"23","author":"Henningsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Statist Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.09.020","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to accessing rehabilitation health care: a veterans affairs traumatic brain injury model systems qualitative study","volume":"104","author":"Cotner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E300","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000001028","article-title":"Department of Defense Military Treatment Facility and Community Care Costs after traumatic brain injury in service members and veterans treated in veterans affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers: a VA TBI model systems study","volume":"40","author":"Dismuke-Greer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.09.030","article-title":"Changes in sexual functioning following traumatic brain injury: an overview on a neglected issue","volume":"58","author":"Latella","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2021.02.200326","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction and preferences for discussing sexual health concerns among Veteran primary care patients","volume":"34","author":"Shepardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E15","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000923","article-title":"Provider perspectives of facilitators and barriers to reaching and utilizing chronic pain healthcare for persons with traumatic brain injury: a qualitative NIDILRR and VA TBI model systems collaborative project","volume":"39","author":"Nakase-Richardson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13404","article-title":"Health care utilization and cost in the dual diagnosis of combined traumatic spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury compared to traumatic brain injury alone: an analysis using MarketScan","volume":"17","author":"Marcet","year":"2025","journal-title":"PM&R"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326000511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326000511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:30:57Z","timestamp":1780705857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999326000511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999326000511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utilization and Cost of VA Outpatient Clinics for Service Members and Veterans Treated in VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers for Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.01.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}