{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:29:04Z","timestamp":1793615344111,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T16:03:13Z","timestamp":1773158593000},"page":"3089-3096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Social Risks Among Adults With Communication Disabilities: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey (2020-2023)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2183-5969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer Y.","family":"Oshita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan A.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Littenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0001","series-title":"The Washington Group Short Set on Functioning (WG-SS). WG-SS","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2015.07.004","article-title":"Prevalence and etiologies of adult communication disabilities in the United States: results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"9","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0003","first-page":"65","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics, and treatment patterns of hearing difficulty in the United States","volume":"144","author":"Mahboubi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0004","first-page":"56","article-title":"Untreated hearing loss reduces access to health care","volume":"24","author":"McKee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Speech Lang Hear Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4625-1","article-title":"Adults with communication disabilities experience poorer health and healthcare outcomes compared to people without communication disabilities","volume":"33","author":"Stransky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2020.06.200216","article-title":"Prevalence of behavioral health problems among adults with and without communication disabilities","volume":"33","author":"Stransky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2016.08.001","article-title":"Prevalence and reasons for delaying and foregoing necessary care by the presence and type of disability among working-age adults","volume":"10","author":"Reichard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003297","article-title":"Effect of aphasia on acute stroke outcomes","volume":"87","author":"Boehme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20190205-01","article-title":"Evaluation of factors related to prolonged lengths of stay for patients with autism with or without intellectual disability","volume":"57","author":"Ailey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0010","series-title":"Communities in action: pathways to health equity","article-title":"The state of health disparities in the United States","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218","article-title":"The social determinants of health: coming of age","volume":"32","author":"Braveman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0013","series-title":"Communities in action: pathways to health equity","first-page":"99","article-title":"The root causes of health inequity","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.12825","article-title":"Screening and interventions for social risk factors: technical brief to support the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"326","author":"Eder","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0015","series-title":"Communities in action: pathways to health quity","first-page":"582","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071823-111332","article-title":"Integrating social needs into health care: an implementation science perspective","volume":"46","author":"Kepper","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S198","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302182","article-title":"Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity population","volume":"105","author":"Krahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465251379456","article-title":"Structural ableism, health, and functioning among people with disabilities: an extension of the social determinants of health framework","author":"Brown","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100964","article-title":"Social determinants of health, emergency department utilization, and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities","volume":"14","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2021.2004299","article-title":"Disparities in social determinants of health amongst people with disabilities","volume":"71","author":"Friedman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Disabil Dev Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0022","series-title":"Data from: National Health Interview Survey, 2020-2023 [pooled data file and documentation]","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1258090","article-title":"Understanding disability and the \u2018social determinants of health\u2019: how does disability affect peoples\u2019 social determinants of health?","volume":"40","author":"Frier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0024","first-page":"1","article-title":"2013 NCHS urban-rural classification scheme for counties","volume":"2","author":"Ingram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0025","series-title":"Encyclopedia of measurement and statistics","first-page":"103","article-title":"The Bonferonni and \u0160id\u00e1k corrections for multiple comparisons","volume":"1","author":"Abdi","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0026","article-title":"Health care access and utilization among adults aged 18-64 years with and without disabilities - United States","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0033","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0034","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fiscal year 2025 inpatient rehabilitation facility prospective payment system final rule (CMS-1804-F). Baltimore, MD. 2024. Available at:https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/newsroom\/fact-sheets\/fiscal-year-2025-inpatient-rehabilitation-facility-prospective-payment-system-final-rule-cms-1804-f#:\u223c:text=For%20FY%202025%2C%20CMS%20finalized%20updates%20to%20the%20IRF%20PPS,at%203%25%20of%20total%20payments. Accessed May 11, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0035","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fiscal year 2026 inpatient rehabilitation facility prospective payment system proposed rule CMS-1829-P fact sheet.https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/newsroom\/fact-sheets\/fiscal-year-2026-inpatient-rehabilitation-facility-prospective-payment-system-proposed-rule-cms-1829. Accessed May 11, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496_bib0036","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Disability in America. The future of disability in America. The Americans with disabilities act in a health care context. 2007. Washington, DC."}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326005769?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326005769?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T09:47:15Z","timestamp":1793612835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999326005769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999326005769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Social Risks Among Adults With Communication Disabilities: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey (2020-2023)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.02.496","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}