{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:14:56Z","timestamp":1788344096576,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T14:47:16Z","timestamp":1776523636000},"page":"2372-2380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacologic and Neurodynamic Interventions for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Francisco Hilarion","family":"Unda-Solano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Araya-Quintanilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3075-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robinson","family":"Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0001","first-page":"6","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Aroori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30231-9","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"15","author":"Padua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00521-1","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Dahlin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-24-01179","article-title":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons\/ASSH Clinical Practice Guideline Summary Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Shapiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03261.x","article-title":"Gabapentin for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Hui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835525500328","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of gabapentinoids in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Raatikainen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447211063544","article-title":"Gabapentinoid prescribing for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Billig","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-022-01528-y","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of gabapentinoids in the management of neuropathic pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"45","author":"Meaadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.09.63","article-title":"Current options for nonsurgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Carlson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2021.10533","article-title":"Short-term effects of neurodynamic techniques for treating carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez de Arenas-Arroyo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pzac040","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzac040","article-title":"Effects of neural mobilization on pain intensity, disability, and mechanosensitivity: an umbrella review with meta\u2013meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Cuenca-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114472","article-title":"The effect of neurodynamic techniques on the dispersion of intraneural edema: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Nu\u00f1ez de Arenas-Arroyo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-05272-2","article-title":"The effectiveness of manual therapy on pain, physical function, and nerve conduction studies in carpal tunnel syndrome patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Del-Barrio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.04.002","article-title":"Conservative treatments of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0015","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials","volume":"389","author":"Hopewell","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880161219","article-title":"Issues & opinions: practice parameter for electrodiagnostic studies in carpal tunnel syndrome: summary statemem: American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"16","author":"Jablecki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0017","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic modalities for carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Gay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0018","article-title":"Isolated tuberculosis of the lumbar facet joint: a case report","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B5.0830655","article-title":"The carpal tunnel syndrome is a bilateral disorder","volume":"83-B","author":"Bagatur","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx011","article-title":"Cervical lateral glide neural mobilization is effective in treating cervicobrachial pain: a randomized waiting list controlled clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sanz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0021","first-page":"e088","article-title":"Validation of digital visual analog scale pain scoring with a traditional paper-based visual analog scale in adults","volume":"2","author":"Delgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.23525","article-title":"Is pharmacologic treatment better than neural mobilization for cervicobrachial pain? A randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Calvo-Lobo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.18.3.205","article-title":"The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain","volume":"18","author":"Kelly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-4-11","article-title":"The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire: longitudinal construct validity and measuring self-rated health change after surgery","volume":"4","author":"Gummesson","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.4893","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand outcome measure (DASH) and its shortened version (QuickDASH)","volume":"44","author":"Franchignoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.08.004","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)","volume":"12","author":"G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2011-10","article-title":"Fear and avoidance of movement in people with chronic pain: psychometric properties of the 11-Item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)","volume":"64","author":"Hapidou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0028","series-title":"Sample size tables for clinical studies","author":"Machin","year":"2009"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu288","article-title":"The relationship of nerve fibre pathology to sensory function in entrapment neuropathy","volume":"137","author":"Schmid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3331","article-title":"Specific mechanical pain hypersensitivity over peripheral nerve trunks in women with either unilateral epicondylalgia or carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0669-x","article-title":"Outcome of carpal tunnel decompression: the influence of age, gender, and occupation","volume":"33","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2007.12.001","article-title":"The effects of neural mobilization in addition to standard care in persons with carpal tunnel syndrome from a community hospital","volume":"21","author":"Heebner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040950","article-title":"Update on efficacy of conservative treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Karjalanen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518805213","article-title":"Is manual therapy based on neurodynamic techniques effective in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Wolny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00242-0","article-title":"Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art","volume":"85","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2218-x","article-title":"Sensory axons excitability changes in carpal tunnel syndrome after neural mobilization","volume":"36","author":"Ginanneschi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc-2018-0056","article-title":"Effect of neural mobilization on nerve-related neck and arm pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Basson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.3117","article-title":"A randomized sham-controlled trial of a neurodynamic technique in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Bialosky","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e829","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000829","article-title":"Entrapment neuropathies: a contemporary approach to pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and management","volume":"5","author":"Schmid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0040","series-title":"Electromyography and Neuromuscular Disorders","first-page":"257","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","author":"Preston","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1179\/106698108790818594","article-title":"Neural mobilization: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with an analysis of therapeutic efficacy","volume":"16","author":"Ellis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Man Manip Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.651","article-title":"Reporting and interpretation of randomized controlled trials with statistically nonsignificant results for primary outcomes","volume":"303","author":"Boutron","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326006726?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326006726?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:26:46Z","timestamp":1788341206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999326006726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003999326006726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pharmacologic and Neurodynamic Interventions for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}