{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:01:58Z","timestamp":1792800118870,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T23:27:27Z","timestamp":1779492447000},"page":"2755-2765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Strengthening of Rotator Cuff and Scapular Muscles in Patients With Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9156-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pelin","family":"Tiryaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092290","article-title":"Is lateral elbow tendinopathy an appropriate clinical diagnostic term when the condition is persistent?","volume":"11","author":"Stasinopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0002","article-title":"Factors associated with lateral epicondylitis of the elbow","volume":"9","author":"Bin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2023.05.013","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the risk factors for lateral epicondylitis","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.02.002","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of examination tests for lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Karanasios","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00234-1","article-title":"Tendinopathy","volume":"7","author":"Millar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.129","article-title":"Effect of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy, or both on clinical outcomes in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia","volume":"309","author":"Coombes","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5841","article-title":"Management of lateral elbow tendinopathy: one size does not fit all","volume":"45","author":"Coombes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.03.007","article-title":"Comparison of interventions for lateral elbow tendinopathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis for Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Pain Outcome","volume":"49","author":"Lowdon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CPG1","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.0302","article-title":"Lateral elbow pain and muscle function impairments","volume":"52","author":"Lucado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100885","article-title":"ICON 2019: International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: clinical terminology","volume":"54","author":"Scott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10061095","article-title":"Treatment, diagnostic criteria and variability of terminology for lateral elbow pain: findings from an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Di Filippo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102525","article-title":"Exercise interventions in lateral elbow tendinopathy have better outcomes than passive interventions, but the effects are small: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2123 subjects in 30 trials","volume":"55","author":"Karanasios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.12.010","article-title":"Comparison of scapular position and upper extremity muscle strength in patients with and without lateral epicondylalgia: a case-control study","volume":"28","author":"Ucurum","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0159","article-title":"The impact of tennis and Golfer\u2019s elbow on shoulder external rotators and Abductors\u2019 peak torque","volume":"29","author":"Nabil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5290","article-title":"Scapular muscle performance in individuals with lateral epicondylalgia","volume":"45","author":"Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pzab230","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab230","article-title":"An investigation of maximal strength of the upper limb bilaterally in individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Heales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102753576071","article-title":"Sequential muscle activity and its functional role in the upper extremity and trunk during overarm throwing","volume":"20","author":"Hirashima","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1179\/106698111X13129729551985","article-title":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as C. Clinical presentation and manual therapy for upper quadrant musculoskeletal conditions","volume":"19","author":"Isabel de-la-Llave-Rinc\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Man Manip Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynpai.2023.100133","article-title":"Elucidation of the mechanisms of exercise-induced hypoalgesia and pain prolongation due to physical stress and the restriction of movement","volume":"14","author":"Tanaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.04.017","article-title":"Is synergistic organisation of muscle coordination altered in people with lateral epicondylalgia? A case\u2013control study","volume":"35","author":"Heales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Biomec (Bristol)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2125","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.2125","article-title":"Physiotherapy practices in the clinical assessment of lateral elbow tendinopathy: an international survey","volume":"29","author":"Heales","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1844318","article-title":"Clinimetric testing of the Persian version of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaires in patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy","volume":"44","author":"Farzad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1101-6","article-title":"Reliability and validity of Turkish version of the Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation","volume":"30","author":"Altan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh367","article-title":"Development and validation of an elbow score","volume":"43","author":"Sathyamoorthy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(99)80031-3","article-title":"Reliability of a patient-rated forearm evaluation questionnaire for patients with lateral epicondylitis","volume":"12","author":"Overend","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90148-I","article-title":"Increasing the reliability and validity of pain intensity measurement in chronic pain patients","volume":"55","author":"Jensen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199404000-00004","article-title":"Assessing valid change over time in patients with lateral epicondylitis at the elbow","volume":"4","author":"Stratford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7851","article-title":"Hand-grip strength: normative reference values and equations for individuals 18 to 85 years of age residing in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155231152817","article-title":"Effects of multidirectional elastic tape on pain and function in individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy: a randomised crossover trial","volume":"37","author":"Hill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2014.07.004","article-title":"Effect of burst TENS and conventional TENS combined with cryotherapy on pressure pain threshold: randomised, controlled, clinical trial","volume":"101","author":"Macedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.003","article-title":"Graven-Nielsen T. Sensory and motor effects of experimental muscle pain in patients with lateral epicondylalgia and controls with delayed onset muscle soreness","volume":"114","author":"Slater","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9293","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179293","article-title":"Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand-held dynamometry in shoulder rotator strength assessment: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Chamorro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2016.07.001","article-title":"Hand-held dynamometry strength measures for internal and external rotation demonstrate superior reliability, lower minimal detectable change and higher correlation to isokinetic dynamometry than externally-fixed dynamometry of the shoulder","volume":"21","author":"Holt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2012.TR3","article-title":"Intrarater reliability of assessing strength of the shoulder and scapular muscles","volume":"21","author":"Celik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.09.009","article-title":"Global Perceived Effect scales provided reliable assessments of health transition in people with musculoskeletal disorders, but ratings are strongly influenced by current status","volume":"63","author":"Kamper","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0036","first-page":"153","article-title":"Effective interventions for cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremity in computer users: practice models based on systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Goodman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513491974","article-title":"Is eccentric exercise an effective treatment for lateral epicondylitis? A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Cullinane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2011.09.001","article-title":"Effectiveness of different methods of resistance exercises in lateral epicondylosis\u2014a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Raman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-356-19","article-title":"Current clinical concepts: conservative management of achilles tendinopathy","volume":"55","author":"Silbernagel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","article-title":"Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs","volume":"4","author":"Lakens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2003.09.004","article-title":"Minimal clinically important changes in chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity measured on a numerical rating scale","volume":"8","author":"Salaffi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03635-5","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomized trials","volume":"31","author":"Hopewell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4659","article-title":"Middle and lower trapezius strengthening for the management of lateral epicondylalgia: a case report","volume":"43","author":"Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.590","article-title":"Effects of eccentric control exercise for wrist extensor and shoulder stabilization exercise on the pain and functions of tennis elbow","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2018.05.003","article-title":"Scapular muscles strengthening on pain, functional outcome and muscle activity in chronic lateral epicondylalgia","volume":"23","author":"Sethi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2024.07.006","article-title":"Effectiveness of a scapular exercise program on functional outcomes in patients with hand, wrist or elbow disorders: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Espinoza","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1256-9","article-title":"Reflex connections from forearm and hand afferents to shoulder girdle muscles in humans","volume":"148","author":"Alexander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0048","first-page":"250","article-title":"Effect of adding rotator cuff strengthening to therapeutic ultrasound and wrist extensor eccentric exercise for lateral epicondylalgia - a randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.06.013","article-title":"The prognostic value of pain sensitization in patients with lateral epicondylitis","volume":"44","author":"Roh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5895","article-title":"Evidence of nervous system sensitization in commonly presenting and persistent painful tendinopathies: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Plinsinga","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2009.07.002","article-title":"Exercise-induced mechanical hypoalgesia in musculotendinous tissues of the lateral elbow","volume":"15","author":"Slater","year":"2010","journal-title":"Man Ther"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000399932600732X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000399932600732X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:08:39Z","timestamp":1792282119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000399932600732X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S000399932600732X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Strengthening of Rotator Cuff and Scapular Muscles in Patients With Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}