{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T06:24:43Z","timestamp":1787293483611,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T06:45:48Z","timestamp":1782542748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Apraxia in Individuals With Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From Familiar Tool Use"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6805-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taoran","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinni","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongping","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8935-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14536","article-title":"Plasma p-tau217 and p-tau217\/A\u03b21-42 are effective biomarkers for identifying CSF- and PET imaging-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: insights for research and clinical practice","volume":"21","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2024.100015","article-title":"Informal care for people with dementia in Europe","volume":"12","author":"Handels","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12102","article-title":"Difficulty and help with activities of daily living among older adults living alone with cognitive impairment","volume":"16","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70261-2","article-title":"Apraxia and beyond: life and work of Hugo Liepmann","volume":"39","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.5.860","article-title":"Limb apraxias: higher-order disorders of sensorimotor integration","volume":"123","author":"Leiguarda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-014-9260-y","article-title":"What neuropsychology tells us about human tool use? The four constraints theory (4CT): mechanics, space, time, and effort","volume":"24","author":"Osiurak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.037948","article-title":"Limb apraxias: the influence of higher order perceptual and semantic deficits in motor recovery after stroke","volume":"54","author":"Rounis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105720","article-title":"The neural correlates of limb apraxia: an anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analysis of lesion-symptom mapping studies in brain-damaged patients","volume":"162","author":"Metaireau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0009","article-title":"Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients","volume":"3","author":"Gibson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00229-9","article-title":"Naturalistic action impairments in dementia","volume":"40","author":"Giovannetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988720915519","article-title":"Buccofacial apraxia, oropharyngeal dysphagia, and dementia severity in community-dwelling elderly patients","volume":"34","author":"Michel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13401-9","article-title":"Apraxic deficits predict general cognitive impairment in patients with biomarker-verified Alzheimer's pathology","volume":"272","author":"Schmidt","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000873","article-title":"The dementia apraxia test can detect early-onset Alzheimer's disease","volume":"37","author":"Yliranta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.125.051414","article-title":"Apraxia as a predictor of poststroke recovery: insights from the Birmingham Cognitive Screening Program","volume":"56","author":"Rounis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.02.006","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation in limb praxis and apraxia: a scoping review in healthy subjects and patients with stroke","volume":"138","author":"Pastore-Wapp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00473","article-title":"Tool use disorders after left brain damage","volume":"5","author":"Baumard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617716000618","article-title":"Rethinking the cognitive mechanisms underlying pantomime of tool use: evidence from Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia","volume":"23","author":"Lesourd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710000081","article-title":"Target-related distractors disrupt object selection in everyday action: evidence from participants with dementia","volume":"16","author":"Giovannetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104521","article-title":"On the psychological origins of tool use","volume":"134","author":"Mangalam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp080","article-title":"The neural basis of tool use","volume":"132","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.9.1913","article-title":"The role of conceptual knowledge in object use evidence from semantic dementia","volume":"123","author":"Hodges","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcab263","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab263","article-title":"Pantomime of tool use: looking beyond apraxia","volume":"3","author":"Osiurak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000714","article-title":"The goal-control model: an integrated neuropsychological framework to explain impaired performance of everyday activities","volume":"35","author":"Giovannetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107918","article-title":"Semantic and action tool knowledge in the brain: identifying common and distinct networks","volume":"159","author":"Lesourd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.06.007","article-title":"Tool use disorders in neurodegenerative diseases: roles of semantic memory and technical reasoning","volume":"82","author":"Baumard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0026","article-title":"Validation of Chinese version of the familiar tools use test for assessing limb apraxia in stroke patients","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity","volume":"256","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0028","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000525618","article-title":"Evaluation of the Dementia Apraxia Test in Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"51","author":"Renftle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0030","series-title":"Diagnostic instrument for limb apraxia: short version (DILA-S). Manual","author":"Randerath","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2019.1585575","article-title":"Limb apraxia profiles in different clinical samples","volume":"34","author":"Buchmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\"Mini-Mental State\": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90034-0","article-title":"A Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination; impact of illiteracy in a Shanghai dementia survey","volume":"41","author":"Katzman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201168","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction is already present with subjective cognitive decline and deepens with disease severity in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051157","article-title":"Short-term delayed recall of auditory verbal learning test is equivalent to long-term delayed recall for identifying amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0036","first-page":"118","article-title":"Trail Making Test used by Chinese elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer\u2019s dementia","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0037","first-page":"81","article-title":"Boston Naming Test in Chinese elderly, patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s dementia","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0038","first-page":"205","article-title":"Application of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test in Chinese normal old people","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1989.tb02233.x","article-title":"Clock drawing in Alzheimer's disease. A novel measure of dementia severity","volume":"37","author":"Sunderland","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860020020627","article-title":"Interrater reliability of the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale in a variety of health professional representatives","volume":"5","author":"Hokoishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2020.72","article-title":"Chinese version of the Baylor profound mental status examination: a brief staging measure for patients with severe Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0042","series-title":"Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use","author":"Streiner","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2023.2181223","article-title":"Apraxia testing to distinguish early Alzheimer's disease from psychiatric causes of cognitive impairment","volume":"37","author":"Yliranta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318470","article-title":"Apraxia screening predicts Alzheimer pathology in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"90","author":"Pawlowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030435","article-title":"Apraxia patterns for the differentiation between Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia variants","volume":"60","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00844-z","article-title":"Investigating the associations between upper limb motor function and cognitive impairment: a scoping review","volume":"45","author":"Rudd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.243423","article-title":"Identifying distinct spatiotemporal patterns of juxtacortical microstructure in Alzheimer disease using diffusion MRI-derived free water fraction","volume":"317","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.04.001","article-title":"The challenge of apraxia: toward an operational definition?","volume":"141","author":"Baumard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1162\/nol_a_00159","article-title":"Activity in occipito-temporal cortex is involved in tool-use planning and contributes to tool-related semantic neural representations","volume":"5","author":"Thibault","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol Lang (Camb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad316","article-title":"The parietal architecture binding cognition to sensorimotor integration: a multimodal causal study","volume":"147","author":"Fornia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210062","article-title":"Cortical Tau aggregation patterns associated with apraxia in patients with Alzheimer disease","volume":"103","author":"Bischof","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.122","article-title":"Amyloid and Tau prediction of cognitive and functional decline in unimpaired older individuals: longitudinal data from the A4 and LEARN studies","volume":"11","author":"Sperling","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0053","article-title":"Dressing oneself with words: key points for recovering basic activities of daily living in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"Yokoi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontol Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00160","article-title":"Assisted bathing of older people with dementia: a mixed methods systematic review protocol","volume":"19","author":"Konno","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326007896?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326007896?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:45:32Z","timestamp":1787291132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999326007896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0003999326007896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Apraxia in Individuals With Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From Familiar Tool Use","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.06.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}