{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:49:16Z","timestamp":1792410556643,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["archives-pmr.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:23:00Z","timestamp":1789914180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recovery Trajectories of Lower-Limb Motor Function After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Latent Class Mixed Model Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5513-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sugyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Ideta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Ariji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichiro","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Murai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryusei","family":"Ifuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Miyahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102007","article-title":"Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP panel: spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury and statistical power needed for therapeutic clinical trials","volume":"45","author":"Fawcett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0760","article-title":"Conversion in the Asia impairment scale during the first year after traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Spiess","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90249-6","article-title":"Neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury: data from the model spinal cord injury systems","volume":"80","author":"Marino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62276-3","article-title":"A clinical prediction rule for ambulation outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"377","author":"van Middendorp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00141","article-title":"Who is going to walk? A review of the factors influencing walking recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Scivoletto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1377513","article-title":"Challenges in traumatic spinal cord injury care in developing countries\u2013a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Ranjbar Hameghavandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7396","article-title":"Models of care delivery from rehabilitation to community for spinal cord injury: a scoping review","volume":"38","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029256","article-title":"Trajectories of resilience, depression, and anxiety following spinal cord injury","volume":"57","author":"Bonanno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0009","article-title":"Identification of classes of functioning trajectories and their predictors in individuals with spinal cord injury attending initial rehabilitation in Switzerland","volume":"3","author":"Hodel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.01.149","article-title":"Pain trajectories during initial rehabilitation after spinal cord injury: do psychosocial resources and mental health predict trajectories?","volume":"103","author":"Braunwalder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298836","article-title":"Changing trends in traumatic spinal cord injury in an Aging Society: epidemiology of 1152 cases over 15 years from a single center in Japan","volume":"19","author":"Yokota","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-025-01092-y","article-title":"Interaction between injury severity and rehabilitation intervention on independence in activities of daily living in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"63","author":"Koga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00928-z","article-title":"Significance of physical factors on activities of daily living in patients with tetraplegia after spinal cord injury: a retrospective study","volume":"16","author":"Yun","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)","volume":"34","author":"Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.114913","article-title":"Data-driven prediction of spinal cord injury recovery: an exploration of current status and future perspectives","volume":"380","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-020-0488-5","article-title":"A prediction model of functional outcome at 6 months using clinical findings of a person with traumatic spinal cord injury at 1 month after injury","volume":"58","author":"Ariji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v078.i02","article-title":"Estimation of extended mixed models using latent classes and latent processes: the R package lcmm","volume":"78","author":"Proust-Lima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stat Soft"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1278826","article-title":"Pattern of neurological recovery in persons with an acute cervical spinal cord injury over the first 14 days post injury","volume":"14","author":"Fallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05345-2","article-title":"Rare case of real-time observation of paralytic deterioration after cervical dislocation in the hyperacute phase","volume":"23","author":"Endo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71983-2","article-title":"Long-term outcome and predictors of neurological recovery in cervical spinal cord injury: a population-based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Stenimahitis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0315-z","article-title":"Using a logarithmic model to predict functional independence after spinal cord injury: a retrospective study","volume":"57","author":"Tomioka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.08.011","article-title":"Functional outcome prediction after spinal cord injury using ensemble machine learning","volume":"105","author":"Kato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326009081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003999326009081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:22:26Z","timestamp":1792408946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003999326009081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["S0003999326009081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Recovery Trajectories of Lower-Limb Motor Function After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Latent Class Mixed Model Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2026.09.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}