{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:17:18Z","timestamp":1786479438321,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","psychiatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T05:54:39Z","timestamp":1387432479000},"page":"152-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Relationship Between Parenting and Proactive Versus Reactive Aggression Among Chinese Preschool Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shoumei","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0005","series-title":"Aggression: A social learning analysis","author":"Bandura","year":"1973"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400109","article-title":"Immediate and sustained effects of parenting on physical aggression in Canadian children aged 6years and younger","volume":"54","author":"Benzies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/000276427802100505","article-title":"Whatever happened to the frustration\u2013aggression hypothesis?","volume":"21","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1978","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023018502759","article-title":"Neighborhood structure, parenting processes, and the development of youths' externalizing behaviors: A multilevel analysis","volume":"31","author":"Beyers","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2005.09.002","article-title":"Gender differences in direct aggression: What are the psychological mediators?","volume":"11","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025406071904","article-title":"Proactive and reactive aggression in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis of differential relations with psychosocial adjustment","volume":"30","author":"Card","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavior Development"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430902981447","article-title":"Aggressive behavior in early elementary school children: Relations to authoritarian parenting, children's negative emotionality and coping strategies","volume":"180","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.17.4.598","article-title":"Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.14.3.401","article-title":"Parental warmth, control, and indulgence and their relations to adjustment in Chinese children: A longitudinal study","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/01650250143000012","article-title":"Noncompliance and child-rearing attitudes as predictors of aggressive behaviors: A longitudinal study of Chinese children","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327922PAR0103_01","article-title":"Parenting practices and aggressive behaviors in Chinese children","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parenting: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407070034","article-title":"The joint development of physical and indirect aggression: Predictors of continuity and change during childhood","volume":"19","author":"Cote","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-9001-z","article-title":"The development of physical aggression from toddlerhood to pre-adolescence: A nationwide longitudinal study of Canadian children","volume":"34","author":"Cote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.2307\/1131875","article-title":"Social information-processing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression","volume":"67","author":"Crick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400001024","article-title":"Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotional expression","volume":"12","author":"Denham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.53.6.1146","article-title":"Social information processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups","volume":"53","author":"Dodge","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0085","series-title":"Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development","first-page":"719","article-title":"Aggression and antisocial behavior in youth","author":"Dodge","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.1.37","article-title":"Reactive and proactive aggression in school children and psychiatrically impaired chronically assaultive youth","volume":"106","author":"Dodge","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.4.632","article-title":"Social information-processing patterns partially mediate the effect of early physical abuse on later conduct problems","volume":"104","author":"Dodge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3301_6","article-title":"Temperament and developmental pathways to conduct problems","volume":"33","author":"Frick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/13632750500393300","article-title":"Parent\u2013child parallel-group intervention for childhood aggression in Hong Kong","volume":"11","author":"Fung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0110","first-page":"903","article-title":"Influencing factors of aggressive behavior in preschool children","volume":"26","author":"Guan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of School Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0115","first-page":"476","article-title":"Analysis on the influential factors of aggressive behavior among preschool children in Zhuhai city","volume":"21","author":"Guan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20125","article-title":"Aggressive behavior among girls and boys during middle childhood: Predictors and sequelae of trajectory group membership","volume":"32","author":"Harachi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2009.00610.x","article-title":"Reactive and proactive aggression in childhood and adolescence: Precursors, outcomes, processes, experiences, and measurement","volume":"78","author":"Hubbard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20300","article-title":"Continuity of aggression from childhood to early adulthood as a predictor of life outcomes: Implications for the adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent models","volume":"35","author":"Huesmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200109000-00008","article-title":"An adaptation of Brislin's translation model for cross-cultural research","volume":"50","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nursing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01133.x","article-title":"Controlling parenting and physical aggression during elementary school","volume":"79","author":"Joussemet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-005-0432-4","article-title":"Reactive and proactive aggression in children: A review of theory, findings and the relevance for adolescent psychiatry","volume":"14","author":"Kempes","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.17.4.571","article-title":"Parenting behaviors and the occurrence and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and conduct problems among African American children","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00795.x","article-title":"Parenting practices and their relevance to child behaviors in Canada and China","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.11.4.534","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the Parent Behavior Inventory","volume":"11","author":"Lovejoy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2012.681325","article-title":"Parenting and socialization of only children in urban China: An example of authoritative parenting","volume":"174","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Genetic Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2008.03.005","article-title":"Parenting and child externalizing behaviors: Are the associations specific or diffuse?","volume":"13","author":"McKee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430902907574","article-title":"A typological approach to the study of parenting: Associations between maternal parenting patterns and child behaviour and social reception","volume":"180","author":"McNamara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0180","first-page":"46","article-title":"Parent development theory: Understanding parents, parenting perceptions, and parenting behaviors","volume":"1","author":"Mowder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01300.x","article-title":"A longitudinal study of forms and functions of aggressive behavior in early childhood","volume":"80","author":"Murray-Close","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00890.x","article-title":"Aversive parenting in China: Association with child physical and relational aggression","volume":"77","author":"Nelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00046","article-title":"Annotation: The \u2018effects\u2019 of parenting reconsidered: Findings, challenges, and applications","volume":"43","author":"O'Connor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/0300443022000022486","article-title":"Socialization goals, parenting practices, and peer competence in Chinese and English preschoolers","volume":"173","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.90004","article-title":"Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims, and bully-victims","volume":"28","author":"Salmivalli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20202","article-title":"Trajectories and predictors of indirect aggression: Results from a nationally representative longitudinal study of Canadian children aged 2\u201310","volume":"33","author":"Vaillancourt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9055-6","article-title":"Do early difficult temperament and harsh parenting differentially predict reactive and proactive aggression?","volume":"34","author":"Vitaro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01257.x","article-title":"Temperament, harsh and indulgent parenting, and Chinese children's proactive and reactive aggression","volume":"80","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9198-0","article-title":"Distinguishing proactive and reactive aggression in Chinese children","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"}],"container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941713001520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941713001520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:18:39Z","timestamp":1760123919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883941713001520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0883941713001520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9417","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship Between Parenting and Proactive Versus Reactive Aggression Among Chinese Preschool Children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown copyright \u00a9 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}